Question 1

The reaction of cytosine, shown below, happens ________ and causes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneously; pyrimidine dimers 
B)  when irradiated; pyrimidine dimers 
C)  when treated with acridine; pyrimidine dimers 
D)  when irradiated; transition mutations 
E)  spontaneously; transition mutations 
A)  spontaneously; pyrimidine dimers 
B)  when irradiated; pyrimidine dimers 
C)  when treated with acridine; pyrimidine dimers 
D)  when irradiated; transition mutations 
E)  spontaneously; transition mutations

Question 2

Site-specific recombination is RecA independent and requires very short regions of homology between donor and target DNA. Describe an example in either E. coli or Salmonella.

Accepted Answer

The phage lambda system in E. coli invol

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of the genome of E. coli O157:H7, which has been responsible for several outbreaks of food-borne disease, has been acquired from other species?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  25 
D)  40 
E)  50 
A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  25 
D)  40 
E)  50

Question 4

During generalized recombination, ________ proteins catalyze branch migration at crossovers called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  RuvAB; Holliday junctions 
B)  RuvAB; duplexes 
C)  RecBCD; Holliday junctions 
D)  RecBCD; duplexes 
E)  RecA; duplexes 
A)  RuvAB; Holliday junctions 
B)  RuvAB; duplexes 
C)  RecBCD; Holliday junctions 
D)  RecBCD; duplexes 
E)  RecA; duplexes

Question 5

The experiment outlined below is a/an ________ test. The role of the rat liver homogenate is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenicity; provide growth factors such as amino acids that the pathogen may require 
B)  pathogenicity; chemically modify the test chemical 
C)  Ames; control for spontaneous mutations 
D)  Ames; provide growth factors such as amino acids that the pathogen may require 
E)  Ames; chemically modify the test chemical 
A)  pathogenicity; provide growth factors such as amino acids that the pathogen may require 
B)  pathogenicity; chemically modify the test chemical 
C)  Ames; control for spontaneous mutations 
D)  Ames; provide growth factors such as amino acids that the pathogen may require 
E)  Ames; chemically modify the test chemical

Question 6

What is transcription-coupled repair and why is it important for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptionally active genes that are

Question 7

Many infectious bacteria have regions of DNA coding for virulence factors. These regions are called

Accepted Answer

A)  transposases. 
B)  pathogenicity islands. 
C)  inverted repeats. 
D)  F plasmids. 
E)  genome reductions. 
A)  transposases. 
B)  pathogenicity islands. 
C)  inverted repeats. 
D)  F plasmids. 
E)  genome reductions.

Question 8

Newly replicated, and consequently ________, DNA sequences are invisible to a restriction enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutated 
B)  restricted 
C)  modified 
D)  hemimethylated 
E)  single-stranded 
A)  mutated 
B)  restricted 
C)  modified 
D)  hemimethylated 
E)  single-stranded

Question 9

During conjugation, DNA pol ________ is used for replication beginning at ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  I; oriV 
B)  III; oriV 
C)  I; oriT 
D)  II; oriT 
E)  III; oriT 
A)  I; oriV 
B)  III; oriV 
C)  I; oriT 
D)  II; oriT 
E)  III; oriT

Question 10

In the figure shown below, the cause of the appearance of these bacterial colonies is ________ and is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sectoring; liver homogenate 
B)  pyrimidine dimers; ultraviolet light 
C)  reversion mutations; rat liver homogenate 
D)  frameshift mutations; high mutation rate 
E)  sectoring; high mutation rate 
A)  sectoring; liver homogenate 
B)  pyrimidine dimers; ultraviolet light 
C)  reversion mutations; rat liver homogenate 
D)  frameshift mutations; high mutation rate 
E)  sectoring; high mutation rate

Question 11

In the figure shown below, the role of the -Me groups on the second sequence is that the methyl groups

Accepted Answer

A)  direct an enzyme to cut at those sequences. 
B)  signal that the DNA is not foreign and thus it should not be cut. 
C)  signal for a transposon to excise itself. 
D)  signal for the sequence to be incorporated in CRISPR. 
E)  serve as a sequence for specialized transduction. 
A)  direct an enzyme to cut at those sequences. 
B)  signal that the DNA is not foreign and thus it should not be cut. 
C)  signal for a transposon to excise itself. 
D)  signal for the sequence to be incorporated in CRISPR. 
E)  serve as a sequence for specialized transduction.

Question 12

The figure shown below diagrams a variety of genomic islands. What characteristics do these islands in the diagram share?

Accepted Answer

A)  They code for pathogenicity. 
B)  They are coded on transposons. 
C)  They have a GC content similar to the rest of the genome. 
D)  They encode type II secretion systems. 
E)  They have direct repeats and mostly insert near a tRNA gene. 
A)  They code for pathogenicity. 
B)  They are coded on transposons. 
C)  They have a GC content similar to the rest of the genome. 
D)  They encode type II secretion systems. 
E)  They have direct repeats and mostly insert near a tRNA gene.

The reaction of cytosine, shown below, happens and causes .

Site-specific recombination is RecA independent and requires very short regions of homology between donor and target DNA. Describe an example in either E. coli or Salmonella.

Approximately what percentage of the genome of E. coli O157:H7, which has been responsible for several outbreaks of food-borne disease, has been acquired from other species?

During generalized recombination, proteins catalyze branch migration at crossovers called .

The experiment outlined below is a/an test. The role of the rat liver homogenate is to .

What is transcription-coupled repair and why is it important for the cell?

Many infectious bacteria have regions of DNA coding for virulence factors. These regions are called

Newly replicated, and consequently ________, DNA sequences are invisible to a restriction enzyme.

During conjugation, DNA pol is used for replication beginning at .

In the figure shown below, the cause of the appearance of these bacterial colonies is and is caused by .

In the figure shown below, the role of the -Me groups on the second sequence is that the methyl groups

The figure shown below diagrams a variety of genomic islands. What characteristics do these islands in the diagram share?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

Exam 9: Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

The reaction of cytosine, shown below, happens ________ and causes ________.

Site-specific recombination is RecA independent and requires very short regions of homology between donor and target DNA. Describe an example in either E. coli or Salmonella.

Approximately what percentage of the genome of E. coli O157:H7, which has been responsible for several outbreaks of food-borne disease, has been acquired from other species?

During generalized recombination, ________ proteins catalyze branch migration at crossovers called ________.

The experiment outlined below is a/an ________ test. The role of the rat liver homogenate is to ________.

What is transcription-coupled repair and why is it important for the cell?

Many infectious bacteria have regions of DNA coding for virulence factors. These regions are called

Newly replicated, and consequently ________, DNA sequences are invisible to a restriction enzyme.

During conjugation, DNA pol ________ is used for replication beginning at ________.

In the figure shown below, the cause of the appearance of these bacterial colonies is ________ and is caused by ________.

In the figure shown below, the role of the -Me groups on the second sequence is that the methyl groups

The figure shown below diagrams a variety of genomic islands. What characteristics do these islands in the diagram share?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The reaction of cytosine, shown below, happens and causes .

During generalized recombination, proteins catalyze branch migration at crossovers called .

The experiment outlined below is a/an test. The role of the rat liver homogenate is to .

During conjugation, DNA pol is used for replication beginning at .

In the figure shown below, the cause of the appearance of these bacterial colonies is and is caused by .