Question 1

Knockout mutations can include ________ mutations and ________ mutations.

Accepted Answer

A)  gain of function; loss of function 
B)  gain of function; missense 
C)  frameshift; nonsense 
D)  silent; nonsense 
E)  silent; missense 
A)  gain of function; loss of function 
B)  gain of function; missense 
C)  frameshift; nonsense 
D)  silent; nonsense 
E)  silent; missense

Question 2

Numerous human genetic diseases are caused by mutations in homologs of bacterial

Accepted Answer

A)  transposons. 
B)  ligases. 
C)  integrases. 
D)  polymerases. 
E)  repair genes. 
A)  transposons. 
B)  ligases. 
C)  integrases. 
D)  polymerases. 
E)  repair genes.

Question 3

Bacteria have developed a "Halt! Who goes there?" approach to gene exchange to prevent unrestricted incorporation of DNA into the cell. It is called ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation; recombination 
B)  transformation; transposition 
C)  restriction; modification 
D)  transduction; Hfr 
E)  mobilizable; F plasmid 
A)  conjugation; recombination 
B)  transformation; transposition 
C)  restriction; modification 
D)  transduction; Hfr 
E)  mobilizable; F plasmid

Question 4

Phase variation is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation. 
B)  site-specific recombination. 
C)  general recombination. 
D)  transposition. 
E)  radiation resistance. 
A)  conjugation. 
B)  site-specific recombination. 
C)  general recombination. 
D)  transposition. 
E)  radiation resistance.

Question 5

CRISPR is viewed as the adaptive immune system of bacteria, yet restriction/modification systems also play roles in bacterial defense. Compare and contrast how both systems protect the host.

Accepted Answer

Restriction/modification systems are use

Question 6

The process in which bacteriophages carry host DNA from one cell to another is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  transposition. 
D)  recombination. 
E)  transduction. 
A)  conjugation. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  transposition. 
D)  recombination. 
E)  transduction.

Question 7

Describe the differences in the transformation process in Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive organisms transform DNA us

Question 8

Which of the following forms of transposition specifically describes the transfer of DNA from one cell to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonreplicative 
B)  replicative 
C)  composite 
D)  complex 
E)  conjugative 
A)  nonreplicative 
B)  replicative 
C)  composite 
D)  complex 
E)  conjugative

Question 9

Consider a semipermeable membrane that allows molecules such as DNA and proteins to pass through to the other side. This membrane is not permeable to structures such as ribosomes, viruses, and cells. The following tubes are set up with membrane in between the two compartments in each tube. Tube 1. Cells, both donors and recipients, on both sides of the membrane
Tube 2. Bacteriophage on one side of the membrane and recipient cells on the other
Tube 3. DNA on one side and recipient cells on the other side
In which of these tubes would you see a genetic process, and what is the name of that process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tube 1; conjugation 
B)  Tube 2; conjugation 
C)  Tube 3; conjugation 
D)  Tube 3; transduction 
E)  Tube 3; transformation 
A)  Tube 1; conjugation 
B)  Tube 2; conjugation 
C)  Tube 3; conjugation 
D)  Tube 3; transduction 
E)  Tube 3; transformation

Question 10

The process of moving a genetic element within or between DNA molecules is

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  transformation. 
D)  transposition. 
E)  reversion. 
A)  conjugation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  transformation. 
D)  transposition. 
E)  reversion.

Question 11

Why did Ames modify the test to incorporate treatment of the potential mutagen with rat liver extract?

Accepted Answer

The Ames test is used to determine if a

Question 12

Why is SOS repair considered to be an error-prone repair mechanism? Why would an organism use an error-prone mechanism?

Accepted Answer

SOS repair occurs after extensive DNA da

Question 13

Describe the purpose of an Ames revision test and how it is performed.

Accepted Answer

The Ames test can be used as a rapid ini

Question 14

A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an ________ plasmid.

Accepted Answer

A)  F 
B)  F+ 
C)  F- 
D)  F' 
E)  Hfr 
A)  F 
B)  F+ 
C)  F- 
D)  F' 
E)  Hfr

Question 15

Large regions of sequence homology are required when recombining DNA molecules by ________ recombination.

Accepted Answer

A)  general 
B)  site-specific 
C)  specialized 
D)  transposition 
E)  reversion 
A)  general 
B)  site-specific 
C)  specialized 
D)  transposition 
E)  reversion

Question 16

Agrobacterium can transfer DNA to ________ using its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli; LINES 
B)  E. coli; Ti plasmid 
C)  plants; LINES 
D)  plants; Ti plasmid 
E)  plants; opines 
A)  E. coli; LINES 
B)  E. coli; Ti plasmid 
C)  plants; LINES 
D)  plants; Ti plasmid 
E)  plants; opines

Question 17

In order to transfer, an F factor must have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  oriV and its own DNA polymerase 
B)  oriV and tra genes 
C)  oriT and tra genes 
D)  oriT and its own DNA polymerase 
E)  oriT, tra genes, and its own DNA polymerase 
A)  oriV and its own DNA polymerase 
B)  oriV and tra genes 
C)  oriT and tra genes 
D)  oriT and its own DNA polymerase 
E)  oriT, tra genes, and its own DNA polymerase

Question 18

Define a pseudogene and what it is thought to represent.

Accepted Answer

A pseudogene is a gene that is somewhat

Question 19

Spontaneous mutations can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  tautomers having altered base pairings. 
B)  acridine intercalating into DNA. 
C)  UV causing pyrimidine dimers. 
D)  5-bromouracil. 
E)  alkylating agents. 
A)  tautomers having altered base pairings. 
B)  acridine intercalating into DNA. 
C)  UV causing pyrimidine dimers. 
D)  5-bromouracil. 
E)  alkylating agents.

Question 20

Is an Hfr cell also considered to be F⁺? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

An Hfr cell has the F plasmid integrated

Exam 9: Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Knockout mutations can include ________ mutations and ________ mutations.

Numerous human genetic diseases are caused by mutations in homologs of bacterial

Bacteria have developed a "Halt! Who goes there?" approach to gene exchange to prevent unrestricted incorporation of DNA into the cell. It is called ________ and ________.

Phase variation is an example of

CRISPR is viewed as the adaptive immune system of bacteria, yet restriction/modification systems also play roles in bacterial defense. Compare and contrast how both systems protect the host.

The process in which bacteriophages carry host DNA from one cell to another is known as

Describe the differences in the transformation process in Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

Which of the following forms of transposition specifically describes the transfer of DNA from one cell to another?

The process of moving a genetic element within or between DNA molecules is

Why did Ames modify the test to incorporate treatment of the potential mutagen with rat liver extract?

Why is SOS repair considered to be an error-prone repair mechanism? Why would an organism use an error-prone mechanism?

Describe the purpose of an Ames revision test and how it is performed.

A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an ________ plasmid.

Large regions of sequence homology are required when recombining DNA molecules by ________ recombination.

Agrobacterium can transfer DNA to ________ using its ________.

In order to transfer, an F factor must have which of the following?

Define a pseudogene and what it is thought to represent.

Spontaneous mutations can be caused by

Is an Hfr cell also considered to be F⁺? Why or why not?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

Knockout mutations can include mutations and mutations.

Bacteria have developed a "Halt! Who goes there?" approach to gene exchange to prevent unrestricted incorporation of DNA into the cell. It is called and .

Agrobacterium can transfer DNA to using its .