Question 1

Many ________ bacteria cause horrific human diseases, such as tetanus, botulism, and gangrene.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic 
B)  anaerobic 
C)  psychrophilic 
D)  halophilic 
E)  fermentative 
A)  aerobic 
B)  anaerobic 
C)  psychrophilic 
D)  halophilic 
E)  fermentative

Question 2

What piece of equipment is represented by the following schematic diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane filtration device 
B)  a pressure cooker 
C)  an autoclave 
D)  a biological safety cabinet 
E)  a food irradiation device 
A)  a membrane filtration device 
B)  a pressure cooker 
C)  an autoclave 
D)  a biological safety cabinet 
E)  a food irradiation device

Question 3

A ________ medium is one of higher osmolarity than the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertonic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  isotonic 
D)  defined 
E)  complex 
A)  hypertonic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  isotonic 
D)  defined 
E)  complex

Question 4

Microbes accumulate ________ in the cell to prevent cell water loss in a hypertonic environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  proteins 
C)  sugars 
D)  protons 
E)  compatible solutes 
A)  water 
B)  proteins 
C)  sugars 
D)  protons 
E)  compatible solutes

Question 5

Why are many barophiles also psychrophiles, and how are the adaptations for barophiles and psychrophiles similar?

Accepted Answer

Barophiles are typically found on the oc

Question 6

Describe one method that enables researchers to study extremophilic organisms that we cannot culture in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary. Genome sequences prese

Question 7

The general result of the Arrhenius equation is that growth rate roughly doubles for every ________°C rise in temperature.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20 
E)  25 
A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20 
E)  25

Question 8

At the bottom of the ocean, hydrostatic pressure averages a crushing 400 atm (atmospheres) and can go as high as ________ atm.

Accepted Answer

A)  700 
B)  1,000 
C)  1,500 
D)  3,000 
E)  3,500 
A)  700 
B)  1,000 
C)  1,500 
D)  3,000 
E)  3,500

Question 9

Disposable plasticware such as petri dishes can be sterilized using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethylene oxide gas 
B)  steam autoclave 
C)  low-temperature, long-time pasteurization 
D)  phenol 
E)  70% ethanol 
A)  ethylene oxide gas 
B)  steam autoclave 
C)  low-temperature, long-time pasteurization 
D)  phenol 
E)  70% ethanol

Question 10

Which of the following is an important signaling molecule that controls global gene expression during starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclic AMP 
B)  ADP 
C)  ATP 
D)  glucose 
E)  water 
A)  cyclic AMP 
B)  ADP 
C)  ATP 
D)  glucose 
E)  water

Question 11

A bacterium that thrives in your stomach is probably a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophile. 
B)  neutrophile. 
C)  alkaliphile. 
D)  acidophile. 
E)  psychrophile. 
A)  thermophile. 
B)  neutrophile. 
C)  alkaliphile. 
D)  acidophile. 
E)  psychrophile.

Question 12

Which of the following are often chemolithotrophs that oxidize reduced metals and generate strong acids, such as sulfuric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  halophiles 
D)  mesophiles 
E)  barophiles 
A)  acidophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  halophiles 
D)  mesophiles 
E)  barophiles

Question 13

How does pH affect proteins? Why do proteins have an optimum, minimum, and maximum pH at which they will function?

Accepted Answer

The charges on amino or carboxyl groups

Question 14

Special channels for helping water move across the membrane quickly are called

Accepted Answer

A)  compatible solutes. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  mechanosensitive channels. 
E)  chaperones. 
A)  compatible solutes. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  mechanosensitive channels. 
E)  chaperones.

Question 15

E. coli tolerates a pH range from 2 to 9, which is a ________-fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  100 
C)  1,000 
D)  10,000 
E)  10,000,000 
A)  7 
B)  100 
C)  1,000 
D)  10,000 
E)  10,000,000

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true about thermophiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their proteins contain less glycine. 
B)  They have more unsaturated linear lipids in their membranes. 
C)  They have chaperone proteins. 
D)  Their genomes are packed with numerous DNA-binding proteins that stabilize DNA. 
E)  They have special enzymes that function to tightly coil DNA. 
A)  Their proteins contain less glycine. 
B)  They have more unsaturated linear lipids in their membranes. 
C)  They have chaperone proteins. 
D)  Their genomes are packed with numerous DNA-binding proteins that stabilize DNA. 
E)  They have special enzymes that function to tightly coil DNA.

Question 17

A virus that infects bacteria is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophage. 
B)  viroid. 
C)  spore. 
D)  probiotic. 
E)  porin. 
A)  bacteriophage. 
B)  viroid. 
C)  spore. 
D)  probiotic. 
E)  porin.

Question 18

Organisms adapted to grow at overwhelmingly high pressures are called

Accepted Answer

A)  psychrophiles. 
B)  thermophiles. 
C)  barophiles. 
D)  acidophiles. 
E)  mesophiles. 
A)  psychrophiles. 
B)  thermophiles. 
C)  barophiles. 
D)  acidophiles. 
E)  mesophiles.

Question 19

Why is oxygen so dangerous for cells and how do cells deal with these problems?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen's breakdown products are dangerou

Question 20

Which of the following are prominent members of microbial communities beneath icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic?

Accepted Answer

A)  barophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  mesophiles 
D)  thermophiles 
E)  acidophiles 
A)  barophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  mesophiles 
D)  thermophiles 
E)  acidophiles

Exam 5: Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Many ________ bacteria cause horrific human diseases, such as tetanus, botulism, and gangrene.

What piece of equipment is represented by the following schematic diagram?

A ________ medium is one of higher osmolarity than the cell.

Microbes accumulate ________ in the cell to prevent cell water loss in a hypertonic environment.

Why are many barophiles also psychrophiles, and how are the adaptations for barophiles and psychrophiles similar?

Describe one method that enables researchers to study extremophilic organisms that we cannot culture in the laboratory.

The general result of the Arrhenius equation is that growth rate roughly doubles for every ________°C rise in temperature.

At the bottom of the ocean, hydrostatic pressure averages a crushing 400 atm (atmospheres) and can go as high as ________ atm.

Disposable plasticware such as petri dishes can be sterilized using which of the following?

Which of the following is an important signaling molecule that controls global gene expression during starvation?

A bacterium that thrives in your stomach is probably a(n)

Which of the following are often chemolithotrophs that oxidize reduced metals and generate strong acids, such as sulfuric acid?

How does pH affect proteins? Why do proteins have an optimum, minimum, and maximum pH at which they will function?

Special channels for helping water move across the membrane quickly are called

E. coli tolerates a pH range from 2 to 9, which is a ________-fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.

Which of the following is NOT true about thermophiles?

A virus that infects bacteria is called a

Organisms adapted to grow at overwhelmingly high pressures are called

Why is oxygen so dangerous for cells and how do cells deal with these problems?

Which of the following are prominent members of microbial communities beneath icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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