Question 1

Extreme thermophiles have ________ chains in their membrane in order to maintain membrane stability.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipoprotein 
B)  hopanoid 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  terpenoid 
E)  cardiolipin 
A)  lipoprotein 
B)  hopanoid 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  terpenoid 
E)  cardiolipin

Question 2

Water can move across a membrane via passive diffusion but that movement is aided by

Accepted Answer

A)  aquaporins. 
B)  ion transporters. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  ethanol2. 
E)  weak acids and bases. 
A)  aquaporins. 
B)  ion transporters. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  ethanol2. 
E)  weak acids and bases.

Question 3

The periplasm in Gram-negative bacteria is filled with proteins. Describe the importance of these proteins.

Accepted Answer

The periplasm contains proteins involved

Question 4

The bacterial flagellum is a helical protein filament whose ________ motor moves the cell in search of a more favorable environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  shaking 
B)  vibrating 
C)  wavelike 
D)  whiplike 
E)  propeller-like 
A)  shaking 
B)  vibrating 
C)  wavelike 
D)  whiplike 
E)  propeller-like

Question 5

Explain how a genetic approach can be used to understand cell division. Give an example.

Accepted Answer

First, genetic mutants are obtained that

Question 6

The ________ is the region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in Gram-negative cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  periplasm 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  lipopolysaccharide 
E)  S-layer 
A)  periplasm 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  lipopolysaccharide 
E)  S-layer

Question 7

Describe the Gram-negative cell envelope. Why are porins necessary in the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells?

Accepted Answer

Covering the cytoplasmic membrane is a t

Question 8

The bacterial cell wall of mycobacteria is highly hydrophobic due to presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  lipoproteins. 
B)  phenolic glycolipids. 
C)  phospholipids. 
D)  polysaccharides. 
E)  glycoproteins. 
A)  lipoproteins. 
B)  phenolic glycolipids. 
C)  phospholipids. 
D)  polysaccharides. 
E)  glycoproteins.

Question 9

Directed movements toward or away from a chemical or physical signal are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  gliding. 
B)  flagellation. 
C)  chemotaxis. 
D)  locomotion. 
E)  slime layer. 
A)  gliding. 
B)  flagellation. 
C)  chemotaxis. 
D)  locomotion. 
E)  slime layer.

Question 10

Explain what happens when a cell comes into contact with water or ethanol. Why is 70% ethanol commonly used to treat wounds and surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Water can cross cell membranes by osmosi

Question 11

Penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) are proteins located in the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria and are involved in synthesizing the cell wall. Thus, they are a target for antibiotics and are of interest to drug developers. Describe how one could obtain these pbps for further study.

Accepted Answer

After harvesting and washing cells, one

Question 12

Specific membrane components, particularly ________, determine which substances are transported across the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipids 
B)  proteins 
C)  ions 
D)  polysaccharides 
E)  leaflets 
A)  phospholipids 
B)  proteins 
C)  ions 
D)  polysaccharides 
E)  leaflets

Question 13

In order for septation to occur, which process must finish first?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription and translation 
B)  membrane synthesis 
C)  DNA replication 
D)  cell wall synthesis 
E)  synthesis of mreB 
A)  transcription and translation 
B)  membrane synthesis 
C)  DNA replication 
D)  cell wall synthesis 
E)  synthesis of mreB

Question 14

Describe two mechanisms that archaea may use to enhance the heat stability of the membrane.

Accepted Answer

First of all, the archaea have ether lin

Question 15

One similarity between a Gram-negative cell envelope and that of mycobacteria is that mycobacteria have

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid A. 
B)  teichoic acids. 
C)  a porin. 
D)  S-layers. 
E)  ampicillin. 
A)  lipid A. 
B)  teichoic acids. 
C)  a porin. 
D)  S-layers. 
E)  ampicillin.

Question 16

Explain how bacteria can produce proteins more quickly than eukaryotes do.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have no membrane arou

Question 17

Describe four ways cells can be broken open in order to isolate the cellular components.

Accepted Answer

Mild detergent lysis disrupts the cell m

Question 18

Some bacterial cells are inedible for humans because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  high ion content in the cytoplasm. 
B)  high proportion of nucleic acids that humans degrade to the waste product uric acid. 
C)  peptide-linked sugars in the cell wall cannot be digested. 
D)  high uric acid content of the cytoplasm. 
E)  high polyamine content, which is toxic. 
A)  high ion content in the cytoplasm. 
B)  high proportion of nucleic acids that humans degrade to the waste product uric acid. 
C)  peptide-linked sugars in the cell wall cannot be digested. 
D)  high uric acid content of the cytoplasm. 
E)  high polyamine content, which is toxic.

Question 19

E. coli and Sinorhizobium cell-surface proteins enable colonization of ________ and ________, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  the human intestinal epithelium; animal skin 
B)  legume plants; the human intestinal epithelium 
C)  the human intestinal epithelium; legume plants 
D)  legume plants; animal skin 
E)  cantaloupe; spinach 
A)  the human intestinal epithelium; animal skin 
B)  legume plants; the human intestinal epithelium 
C)  the human intestinal epithelium; legume plants 
D)  legume plants; animal skin 
E)  cantaloupe; spinach

Question 20

In the figure below, which of the four fatty acids adds fluidity to a membrane, and what type of bond allows this to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  A; saturated bond 
B)  B; trans 
C)  B; cis 
D)  C; cis 
E)  D; double 
A)  A; saturated bond 
B)  B; trans 
C)  B; cis 
D)  C; cis 
E)  D; double

Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

Extreme thermophiles have ________ chains in their membrane in order to maintain membrane stability.

Water can move across a membrane via passive diffusion but that movement is aided by

The periplasm in Gram-negative bacteria is filled with proteins. Describe the importance of these proteins.

The bacterial flagellum is a helical protein filament whose ________ motor moves the cell in search of a more favorable environment.

Explain how a genetic approach can be used to understand cell division. Give an example.

The ________ is the region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in Gram-negative cells.

Describe the Gram-negative cell envelope. Why are porins necessary in the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells?

The bacterial cell wall of mycobacteria is highly hydrophobic due to presence of

Directed movements toward or away from a chemical or physical signal are known as

Explain what happens when a cell comes into contact with water or ethanol. Why is 70% ethanol commonly used to treat wounds and surfaces?

Penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) are proteins located in the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria and are involved in synthesizing the cell wall. Thus, they are a target for antibiotics and are of interest to drug developers. Describe how one could obtain these pbps for further study.

Specific membrane components, particularly ________, determine which substances are transported across the membrane.

In order for septation to occur, which process must finish first?

Describe two mechanisms that archaea may use to enhance the heat stability of the membrane.

One similarity between a Gram-negative cell envelope and that of mycobacteria is that mycobacteria have

Explain how bacteria can produce proteins more quickly than eukaryotes do.

Describe four ways cells can be broken open in order to isolate the cellular components.

Some bacterial cells are inedible for humans because of the

E. coli and Sinorhizobium cell-surface proteins enable colonization of ________ and ________, respectively.

In the figure below, which of the four fatty acids adds fluidity to a membrane, and what type of bond allows this to happen?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

E. coli and Sinorhizobium cell-surface proteins enable colonization of and , respectively.