Question 1

All of the statements about genetic analysis of cells complementing cell fractionation are true EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is used to identify which genes and proteins are involved in a process. 
B)  can be used by identifying phenotypes under a microscope. 
C)  can be used to identify the exact change in protein sequences giving a particular phenotype. 
D)  has never been used to study FtsZ. 
E)  can be used to study cell division. 
A)  is used to identify which genes and proteins are involved in a process. 
B)  can be used by identifying phenotypes under a microscope. 
C)  can be used to identify the exact change in protein sequences giving a particular phenotype. 
D)  has never been used to study FtsZ. 
E)  can be used to study cell division.

Question 2

Which of these experiments would NOT be a reason to fractionate bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  to obtain membrane fractions to study transport proteins 
B)  to purify ribosome subunits to study translation 
C)  to obtain periplasmic proteins to study chaperons from that space 
D)  to obtain cytoplasmic proteins such as FtsZ 
E)  to study the growth rate of E. coli in the presence of lactose 
A)  to obtain membrane fractions to study transport proteins 
B)  to purify ribosome subunits to study translation 
C)  to obtain periplasmic proteins to study chaperons from that space 
D)  to obtain cytoplasmic proteins such as FtsZ 
E)  to study the growth rate of E. coli in the presence of lactose

Question 3

Describe the types of molecules that can move through a membrane via passive diffusion.

Accepted Answer

Small uncharged molecules such

Question 4

Mary Jane Osborn discovered that inner and outer membranes are different in density by using

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic analysis. 
B)  X-ray crystallography. 
C)  ultracentrifugation. 
D)  protein synthesis. 
E)  fluorescent. 
A)  genetic analysis. 
B)  X-ray crystallography. 
C)  ultracentrifugation. 
D)  protein synthesis. 
E)  fluorescent.

Question 5

Polyamines are ________ charged when the pH is near neutral.

Accepted Answer

A)  not 
B)  negatively 
C)  positively 
D)  super 
E)  randomly 
A)  not 
B)  negatively 
C)  positively 
D)  super 
E)  randomly

Question 6

You are studying life-forms in extreme environments, and you have discovered a microorganism with cardiolipin, hopanoids, and ester linkages in the membrane. It also has teichoic acids, galactans, and phenolic glycolipids in the cell wall. In addition, it is a porin similar to OmpA. This microorganism is most likely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic cells. 
B)  archaea. 
C)  mycobacteria. 
D)  Gram-positive bacteria. 
E)  Gram-negative bacteria. 
A)  eukaryotic cells. 
B)  archaea. 
C)  mycobacteria. 
D)  Gram-positive bacteria. 
E)  Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 7

Bacterial shape is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  tubulin and actin. 
B)  cell membrane. 
C)  cytoskeleton. 
D)  S-layers. 
E)  a protein called crescentin. 
A)  tubulin and actin. 
B)  cell membrane. 
C)  cytoskeleton. 
D)  S-layers. 
E)  a protein called crescentin.

Question 8

Describe any two roles for membrane proteins.

Accepted Answer

Answers can include any of the following

Question 9

Which of the following reinforces and stiffens membranes in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  hopanoids 
B)  polyamines 
C)  sterols 
D)  peptidoglycans 
E)  lipids 
A)  hopanoids 
B)  polyamines 
C)  sterols 
D)  peptidoglycans 
E)  lipids

Question 10

Which of the following is true of Fts proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They form a ring in the area where cell division will occur. 
B)  They aid in DNA replication. 
C)  They are involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. 
D)  They are involved in making proteins. 
E)  They are important in transcription. 
A)  They form a ring in the area where cell division will occur. 
B)  They aid in DNA replication. 
C)  They are involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. 
D)  They are involved in making proteins. 
E)  They are important in transcription.

Question 11

The molecule shown below is ________ and may play a role in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphatidylethanolamine; heat response 
B)  cardiolipin; heat response 
C)  phosphatidylglycerol; heat response. 
D)  cardiolipin; starvation 
E)  phosphatidylglycerol; heat response 
A)  phosphatidylethanolamine; heat response 
B)  cardiolipin; heat response 
C)  phosphatidylglycerol; heat response. 
D)  cardiolipin; starvation 
E)  phosphatidylglycerol; heat response

Question 12

A medically important example of active transport is that of drug ________ proteins powered by the hydrogen ion gradient.

Accepted Answer

A)  efflux 
B)  porin 
C)  membrane-permeant 
D)  diffusion 
E)  lysis 
A)  efflux 
B)  porin 
C)  membrane-permeant 
D)  diffusion 
E)  lysis

Question 13

Polar aging of symmetrical bacteria such as E. coli plays a role in stress responses in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotics only affect older poles of stressed cells. 
B)  Alternators and accelerators are better at responding to stress. 
C)  Proteins damaged by stresses accumulate at old poles, thereby allowing new poles to continue growing. 
D)  Newer poles are more resistant to acidity and heat. 
E)  Newer poles produce flagella and can swim away from stress. 
A)  Antibiotics only affect older poles of stressed cells. 
B)  Alternators and accelerators are better at responding to stress. 
C)  Proteins damaged by stresses accumulate at old poles, thereby allowing new poles to continue growing. 
D)  Newer poles are more resistant to acidity and heat. 
E)  Newer poles produce flagella and can swim away from stress.

Question 14

Which of the following types of molecules may passively diffuse across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  an amino acid in a low pH environment 
B)  a weak acid in a high pH environment 
C)  a large polar molecule such as a sugar 
D)  a small uncharged molecule such as water 
E)  No molecules can diffuse across a membrane. 
A)  an amino acid in a low pH environment 
B)  a weak acid in a high pH environment 
C)  a large polar molecule such as a sugar 
D)  a small uncharged molecule such as water 
E)  No molecules can diffuse across a membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the prokaryotic flagella is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is driven by the cell's transmembrane proton current. 
B)  It is embedded in the layers of the cell envelope. 
C)  It is observed by electron microscopy. 
D)  It moves with a whiplike motion. 
E)  It is used for chemotaxis. 
A)  It is driven by the cell's transmembrane proton current. 
B)  It is embedded in the layers of the cell envelope. 
C)  It is observed by electron microscopy. 
D)  It moves with a whiplike motion. 
E)  It is used for chemotaxis.

Question 16

All of the following are true of supercoiling in chromosomal DNA EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  doubles back and twists upon itself. 
B)  facilitates RNA transcription. 
C)  results in compaction. 
D)  is generated by gyrase. 
E)  is maintained by DNA-binding proteins. 
A)  doubles back and twists upon itself. 
B)  facilitates RNA transcription. 
C)  results in compaction. 
D)  is generated by gyrase. 
E)  is maintained by DNA-binding proteins.

Question 17

How can weak acids and weak bases cause pH stress to cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only weak acids can cause stress by diffusing across a membrane at low pH. 
B)  Weak acids and weak bases do not cause stress. 
C)  If a cell has transporters that are not well regulated, weak acids or weak bases can accumulate inside the cells and cause stress. 
D)  At certain pHs, both weak acids or weak bases will be uncharged and thus are small uncharged molecules that can diffuse across a membrane and cause pH stress inside the cell. 
E)  Weak bases will only cause pH stress at low pH. 
A)  Only weak acids can cause stress by diffusing across a membrane at low pH. 
B)  Weak acids and weak bases do not cause stress. 
C)  If a cell has transporters that are not well regulated, weak acids or weak bases can accumulate inside the cells and cause stress. 
D)  At certain pHs, both weak acids or weak bases will be uncharged and thus are small uncharged molecules that can diffuse across a membrane and cause pH stress inside the cell. 
E)  Weak bases will only cause pH stress at low pH.

Question 18

All of the following are true about prokaryotic outer membranes EXCEPT that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are lipid bilayers composed of identical phospholipids. 
B)  are found only in Gram-negative bacteria. 
C)  contain endotoxin. 
D)  contain proteins involved in transport. 
E)  contain lipopolysaccharide. 
A)  are lipid bilayers composed of identical phospholipids. 
B)  are found only in Gram-negative bacteria. 
C)  contain endotoxin. 
D)  contain proteins involved in transport. 
E)  contain lipopolysaccharide.

Question 19

Lipopolysaccharides are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  all bacteria. 
B)  Gram-positive bacteria. 
C)  Gram-negative bacteria. 
D)  archaea. 
E)  eukaryotes. 
A)  all bacteria. 
B)  Gram-positive bacteria. 
C)  Gram-negative bacteria. 
D)  archaea. 
E)  eukaryotes.

Question 20

Explain how any two specialized structures are involved in bacterial photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

Thylakoids are structures of extensively

Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

All of the statements about genetic analysis of cells complementing cell fractionation are true EXCEPT that it

Which of these experiments would NOT be a reason to fractionate bacterial cells?

Describe the types of molecules that can move through a membrane via passive diffusion.

Mary Jane Osborn discovered that inner and outer membranes are different in density by using

Polyamines are ________ charged when the pH is near neutral.

Bacterial shape is determined by

Describe any two roles for membrane proteins.

Which of the following reinforces and stiffens membranes in bacteria?

Which of the following is true of Fts proteins?

The molecule shown below is ________ and may play a role in ________.

A medically important example of active transport is that of drug ________ proteins powered by the hydrogen ion gradient.

Polar aging of symmetrical bacteria such as E. coli plays a role in stress responses in which of the following ways?

Which of the following types of molecules may passively diffuse across a membrane?

Which of the following statements about the prokaryotic flagella is INCORRECT?

All of the following are true of supercoiling in chromosomal DNA EXCEPT that it

How can weak acids and weak bases cause pH stress to cells?

All of the following are true about prokaryotic outer membranes EXCEPT that they

Lipopolysaccharides are found in

Explain how any two specialized structures are involved in bacterial photosynthesis.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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The molecule shown below is and may play a role in .