Question 1

The pH of blood is 7.4. The pH of vinegar is 1.4. The blood sample has

Accepted Answer

A)  6 times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
B)  6,000 times higher [H+] than the vinegar. 
C)  6,000 times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
D)  5.3 times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
E)  a million times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
A)  6 times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
B)  6,000 times higher [H+] than the vinegar. 
C)  6,000 times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
D)  5.3 times lower [H+] than the vinegar. 
E)  a million times lower [H+] than the vinegar.

Question 2

When a negatively charged electron is provided with more energy it can

Accepted Answer

A)  Occupy space between orbitals. 
B)  Move to an outer orbital from an inner orbital. 
C)  Move closer to the positively charged nucleus. 
D)  Become a positron. 
E)  Bind to another electron in the same orbital. 
A)  Occupy space between orbitals. 
B)  Move to an outer orbital from an inner orbital. 
C)  Move closer to the positively charged nucleus. 
D)  Become a positron. 
E)  Bind to another electron in the same orbital.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water molecules tend to stick to one another (cohesion) and to other molecules that have charged surface groups to which water can hydrogen bond (adhesion). 
B)  The cohesive forces between water molecules are stronger between water molecules than between water and air molecules. This results in surface tension. 
C)  Both cohesive and adhesive forces are together responsible for the capillary action of water. 
D)  Only adhesive forces are responsible for the capillary action that causes water to rise through plant stems. 
E)  Heat is liberated when liquid water is turned to ice. This property of water is called the heat of fusion. 
A)  Water molecules tend to stick to one another (cohesion) and to other molecules that have charged surface groups to which water can hydrogen bond (adhesion). 
B)  The cohesive forces between water molecules are stronger between water molecules than between water and air molecules. This results in surface tension. 
C)  Both cohesive and adhesive forces are together responsible for the capillary action of water. 
D)  Only adhesive forces are responsible for the capillary action that causes water to rise through plant stems. 
E)  Heat is liberated when liquid water is turned to ice. This property of water is called the heat of fusion.

Question 4

Why is water a liquid over a wider range of temperatures than any other comparable solvent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because it is an efficient solute. 
B)  Because of its tetravalency. 
C)  Because of its hydrogen-bonding characteristics. 
D)  Because it can carry nutrients and oxygen in solution. 
E)  Because of its ability to form complex polymers. 
A)  Because it is an efficient solute. 
B)  Because of its tetravalency. 
C)  Because of its hydrogen-bonding characteristics. 
D)  Because it can carry nutrients and oxygen in solution. 
E)  Because of its ability to form complex polymers.

Question 5

In regard to non-covalent bonds, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. 
B)  Non-covalent bonds are important in maintaining the three-dimensional shape of proteins. 
C)  All statements are correct. 
D)  A Hydrogen bond is a non-covalent bond. 
E)  Non-covalent bonds are involved in the molecular role of inheritance. 
A)  Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. 
B)  Non-covalent bonds are important in maintaining the three-dimensional shape of proteins. 
C)  All statements are correct. 
D)  A Hydrogen bond is a non-covalent bond. 
E)  Non-covalent bonds are involved in the molecular role of inheritance.

Question 6

An element is a substance made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  one type of atom only. 
B)  one type of molecule only. 
C)  at least two different types of atoms. 
D)  one atom linked to a different atom by a covalent bond. 
E)  an atom with one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. 
A)  one type of atom only. 
B)  one type of molecule only. 
C)  at least two different types of atoms. 
D)  one atom linked to a different atom by a covalent bond. 
E)  an atom with one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

Question 7

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) into solution are

Accepted Answer

A)  acids. 
B)  bases. 
C)  buffers. 
D)  hydrophobic. 
E)  carbon containing molecules. 
A)  acids. 
B)  bases. 
C)  buffers. 
D)  hydrophobic. 
E)  carbon containing molecules.

Question 8

The chemical properties of elements are determined primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  the number and arrangement of electrons in the highest energy level of the atom (the outermost electron shell). 
B)  the number of neutrons in the nucleus. 
C)  the number and arrangement of electrons in the lowest energy level of the atom (the innermost electron shell). 
D)  the ability of the electrons to change to a different orbital. 
E)  the type of bonds formed in the electron orbitals. 
A)  the number and arrangement of electrons in the highest energy level of the atom (the outermost electron shell). 
B)  the number of neutrons in the nucleus. 
C)  the number and arrangement of electrons in the lowest energy level of the atom (the innermost electron shell). 
D)  the ability of the electrons to change to a different orbital. 
E)  the type of bonds formed in the electron orbitals.

Question 9

In a molecule of water, the electrons are not equally shared between the atoms. This makes the molecule polar, and interaction with other polar molecules allows the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent bonds. 
B)  van der Waals interactions. 
C)  hydrogen bonds. 
D)  ionic bonds. 
E)  stable bonds. 
A)  covalent bonds. 
B)  van der Waals interactions. 
C)  hydrogen bonds. 
D)  ionic bonds. 
E)  stable bonds.

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds can form between

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon and hydrogen atoms. 
B)  oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the same water molecule. 
C)  oxygen and hydrogen atoms in adjacent molecules. 
D)  hydrogen atoms in adjacent molecules. 
E)  hydrogen atoms within the same molecule. 
A)  carbon and hydrogen atoms. 
B)  oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the same water molecule. 
C)  oxygen and hydrogen atoms in adjacent molecules. 
D)  hydrogen atoms in adjacent molecules. 
E)  hydrogen atoms within the same molecule.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The internal pH of the cells of an organism is usually the same as the pH of the external environment. 
B)  The internal pH of the cells of an organism may be quite different to the pH of the external environment. 
C)  Regardless of the internal pH of their cells, most living organisms can only survive within a narrow range of environmental pH. 
D)  Regardless of the pH of the environment, most living organisms will not survive if the internal pH of their cells fluctuates. 
E)  The internal pH of a muscle cell may become more basic during exercise. 
A)  The internal pH of the cells of an organism is usually the same as the pH of the external environment. 
B)  The internal pH of the cells of an organism may be quite different to the pH of the external environment. 
C)  Regardless of the internal pH of their cells, most living organisms can only survive within a narrow range of environmental pH. 
D)  Regardless of the pH of the environment, most living organisms will not survive if the internal pH of their cells fluctuates. 
E)  The internal pH of a muscle cell may become more basic during exercise.

Question 12

Electrons exist as orbitals around the nucleus of an atom. Any orbital may contain

Accepted Answer

A)  only 2 electrons. 
B)  4 electrons. 
C)  6 electrons. 
D)  8 electrons. 
E)  any number of electrons depending on the orbital. 
A)  only 2 electrons. 
B)  4 electrons. 
C)  6 electrons. 
D)  8 electrons. 
E)  any number of electrons depending on the orbital.

Question 13

Living organisms are composed predominantly of which of the following groups of elements:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen (H); oxygen (O); carbon (
C) . 
B)  Hydrogen (H); oxygen (O); phosphorus (P). 
C)  Hydrogen (H); phosphorus (P); carbon (
C) . 
D)  Hydrogen (H); sodium (Na); chloride (Cl). 
E)  Oxygen (O); sodium (Na); chloride (Cl). 
A)  Hydrogen (H); oxygen (O); carbon (
C) . 
B)  Hydrogen (H); oxygen (O); phosphorus (P). 
C)  Hydrogen (H); phosphorus (P); carbon (
C) . 
D)  Hydrogen (H); sodium (Na); chloride (Cl). 
E)  Oxygen (O); sodium (Na); chloride (Cl).

Question 14

Living organisms are composed of elements made of small units called

Accepted Answer

A)  atoms. 
B)  protons. 
C)  neutrons. 
D)  electrons. 
E)  ions. 
A)  atoms. 
B)  protons. 
C)  neutrons. 
D)  electrons. 
E)  ions.

Question 15

The small, negatively charged particles in an atom are called

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons. 
B)  protons. 
C)  neutrons. 
D)  ions. 
E)  isotopes. 
A)  electrons. 
B)  protons. 
C)  neutrons. 
D)  ions. 
E)  isotopes.

Question 16

The interior of a lysosome in an animal cell has a pH of 5, while the cytosol of the cell has a pH of 7.4. This indicates that in comparison to the cytosol, the interior of the lysosome has a

Accepted Answer

A)  lower concentration of total dissolved ions. 
B)  lower concentration of hydrogen ions. 
C)  higher concentration of bicarbonate ions. 
D)  higher concentration of hydrogen ions. 
E)  higher concentration of hydroxyl ions. 
A)  lower concentration of total dissolved ions. 
B)  lower concentration of hydrogen ions. 
C)  higher concentration of bicarbonate ions. 
D)  higher concentration of hydrogen ions. 
E)  higher concentration of hydroxyl ions.

Question 17

Water is extremely important in all living things because of its properties. Which of the following is not a property of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is a polar molecule because of the unequal sharing of the electrons between hydrogen and oxygen. 
B)  Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and with other polar molecules. 
C)  Hydrogen bonding makes water molecules cohesive. This cohesiveness results in surface tension. 
D)  Water repels non-polar molecules. 
E)  Water is an excellent buffer and maintains the intracellular pH in a cell. 
A)  Water is a polar molecule because of the unequal sharing of the electrons between hydrogen and oxygen. 
B)  Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and with other polar molecules. 
C)  Hydrogen bonding makes water molecules cohesive. This cohesiveness results in surface tension. 
D)  Water repels non-polar molecules. 
E)  Water is an excellent buffer and maintains the intracellular pH in a cell.

Question 18

When electrons in excited orbitals lose energy, that energy can

Accepted Answer

A)  be used to drive another chemical process. 
B)  emit light. 
C)  be passed on to a neighbouring atom. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  be used to drive photosynthesis in a leaf cell in sunlight. 
A)  be used to drive another chemical process. 
B)  emit light. 
C)  be passed on to a neighbouring atom. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  be used to drive photosynthesis in a leaf cell in sunlight.

Question 19

Hydrogen bonds

Accepted Answer

A)  are stable in the interior of a double helix. 
B)  are weaker than van der Waals bonds. 
C)  between water molecules are transient. 
D)  are stronger than ionic bonds. 
E)  are not involved in the process of hereditary. 
A)  are stable in the interior of a double helix. 
B)  are weaker than van der Waals bonds. 
C)  between water molecules are transient. 
D)  are stronger than ionic bonds. 
E)  are not involved in the process of hereditary.

Question 20

Water molecules tend to stick to other water molecules. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  cohesion. 
B)  adhesion. 
C)  ionic bonding. 
D)  covalent bonding. 
E)  van der Waals forces. 
A)  cohesion. 
B)  adhesion. 
C)  ionic bonding. 
D)  covalent bonding. 
E)  van der Waals forces.

Exam 1: Nature of Molecules

The pH of blood is 7.4. The pH of vinegar is 1.4. The blood sample has

When a negatively charged electron is provided with more energy it can

Which of the following statements about water is INCORRECT?

Why is water a liquid over a wider range of temperatures than any other comparable solvent?

In regard to non-covalent bonds, which statement is true?

An element is a substance made up of

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) into solution are

The chemical properties of elements are determined primarily by

In a molecule of water, the electrons are not equally shared between the atoms. This makes the molecule polar, and interaction with other polar molecules allows the formation of

Hydrogen bonds can form between

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Electrons exist as orbitals around the nucleus of an atom. Any orbital may contain

Living organisms are composed predominantly of which of the following groups of elements:

Living organisms are composed of elements made of small units called

The small, negatively charged particles in an atom are called

The interior of a lysosome in an animal cell has a pH of 5, while the cytosol of the cell has a pH of 7.4. This indicates that in comparison to the cytosol, the interior of the lysosome has a

Water is extremely important in all living things because of its properties. Which of the following is not a property of water?

When electrons in excited orbitals lose energy, that energy can

Hydrogen bonds

Water molecules tend to stick to other water molecules. This is known as

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) into solution are