Question 1

Carbohydrates and fatty acids are sources of energy because

Accepted Answer

A)  they have functional side groups. 
B)  their core groups contain ionic bonds that can be reduced to release energy. 
C)  they consist of complex polymers in a highly energised state. 
D)  their covalent bonds can be oxidised to release energy. 
E)  all carbohydrates and fatty acids form tetrahedral bonds to charged ions. 
A)  they have functional side groups. 
B)  their core groups contain ionic bonds that can be reduced to release energy. 
C)  they consist of complex polymers in a highly energised state. 
D)  their covalent bonds can be oxidised to release energy. 
E)  all carbohydrates and fatty acids form tetrahedral bonds to charged ions.

Question 2

Phospholipids are important

Accepted Answer

A)  as hormones. 
B)  as a component of deoxyribonucleic acid. 
C)  in the formation of cell membranes. 
D)  as components of ribosomes. 
E)  for intracellular transport of energy.F. attraction between positively and negatively charged ions of the same element. 
A)  as hormones. 
B)  as a component of deoxyribonucleic acid. 
C)  in the formation of cell membranes. 
D)  as components of ribosomes. 
E)  for intracellular transport of energy.F. attraction between positively and negatively charged ions of the same element.

Question 3

Functional groups attached to a carbon-hydrogen core provide characteristic chemical properties. Which of the following statements about functional groups is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  A carboxyl group may lose an electron and provide a negative charge to the group. 
B)  A phosphate group in water readily loses a proton to form an unstable ion. 
C)  A hydroxyl group (-OH) is polar and readily forms hydrogen bonds. 
D)  A thiol group (-SH) does not form hydrogen bonds. 
E)  An amino group in water readily accepts a H+ ion to become positively charged. 
A)  A carboxyl group may lose an electron and provide a negative charge to the group. 
B)  A phosphate group in water readily loses a proton to form an unstable ion. 
C)  A hydroxyl group (-OH) is polar and readily forms hydrogen bonds. 
D)  A thiol group (-SH) does not form hydrogen bonds. 
E)  An amino group in water readily accepts a H+ ion to become positively charged.

Question 4

Proteins are polymers of

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids linked by peptide bonds. 
B)  monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. 
C)  nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds. 
D)  amino acids linked by phosphodiester bonds. 
E)  peptides stabilised by hydrogen bonds. 
A)  amino acids linked by peptide bonds. 
B)  monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages. 
C)  nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds. 
D)  amino acids linked by phosphodiester bonds. 
E)  peptides stabilised by hydrogen bonds.

Question 5

A scientist tells you about a molecule she has recently isolated from a previously undiscovered organism and describes it as a purine. This molecule could therefore be

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine. 
B)  uracil. 
C)  cytosine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  All the options listed here are incorrect. 
A)  adenine. 
B)  uracil. 
C)  cytosine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  All the options listed here are incorrect.

Question 6

Which of the following compounds is made of protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  Silk 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Cholesterol 
E)  Chitin 
A)  DNA 
B)  Silk 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Cholesterol 
E)  Chitin

Question 7

Which of the following are all lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phospholipids, fats, glycogen 
B)  Waxes, triacylglycerols, cholesterol 
C)  Testosterone, vitamin A, chitin 
D)  Fructose, steroids, glycolipids 
E)  Phospholipids, waxes, haemoglobin 
A)  Phospholipids, fats, glycogen 
B)  Waxes, triacylglycerols, cholesterol 
C)  Testosterone, vitamin A, chitin 
D)  Fructose, steroids, glycolipids 
E)  Phospholipids, waxes, haemoglobin

Question 8

A chiral carbon is

Accepted Answer

A)  the carbon in a monosaccharide to which the carbonyl group is attached. 
B)  the carbon involved in the formation of a cyclic structure in monosaccharides in solution. 
C)  the first carbon in the monosaccharide chain. 
D)  a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached. 
E)  All of these answers are true. 
A)  the carbon in a monosaccharide to which the carbonyl group is attached. 
B)  the carbon involved in the formation of a cyclic structure in monosaccharides in solution. 
C)  the first carbon in the monosaccharide chain. 
D)  a carbon with 4 different functional groups attached. 
E)  All of these answers are true.

Question 9

Which of the following groups of compounds are all carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starch, deoxyribose, glycogen 
B)  Glucose, cholesterol, cellulose 
C)  Haemoglobin, cellulose, glucose 
D)  Cellulose, fructose, steroid 
E)  Triacylglyceride, chitin, fructose 
A)  Starch, deoxyribose, glycogen 
B)  Glucose, cholesterol, cellulose 
C)  Haemoglobin, cellulose, glucose 
D)  Cellulose, fructose, steroid 
E)  Triacylglyceride, chitin, fructose

Question 10

Elastin is what type of protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteoglycan 
B)  Fibrous 
C)  Globular 
D)  Glycoprotein 
E)  Disaccharide 
A)  Proteoglycan 
B)  Fibrous 
C)  Globular 
D)  Glycoprotein 
E)  Disaccharide

Question 11

Sucrose is used by plants to transport energy. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose is less likely to be metabolised during transport. 
B)  fructose is sweeter than glucose and so provides more energy than glucose when broken down. 
C)  the disaccharide sucrose is more reactive than the monosaccharide glucose. 
D)  sucrose contains fructose and glucose and so more energy is transported by the disaccharide than by a monosaccharide. 
E)  sucrose is more soluble in plant sap then glucose, and so more readily transported.F. accepting OH- ions as pH falls and releasing H+ ions as pH rises. 
A)  sucrose is less likely to be metabolised during transport. 
B)  fructose is sweeter than glucose and so provides more energy than glucose when broken down. 
C)  the disaccharide sucrose is more reactive than the monosaccharide glucose. 
D)  sucrose contains fructose and glucose and so more energy is transported by the disaccharide than by a monosaccharide. 
E)  sucrose is more soluble in plant sap then glucose, and so more readily transported.F. accepting OH- ions as pH falls and releasing H+ ions as pH rises.

Question 12

The structural differences between simple sugars that give them their distinctive properties include

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the molecule has an open-chain or ring (cyclic) configuration. 
B)  differences in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. 
C)  differences in the positions of the glycosidic linkages within the molecule. 
D)  the configuration of the atoms around the chiral carbon. 
E)  all of the answers are correct. 
A)  whether the molecule has an open-chain or ring (cyclic) configuration. 
B)  differences in the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. 
C)  differences in the positions of the glycosidic linkages within the molecule. 
D)  the configuration of the atoms around the chiral carbon. 
E)  all of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Starch and cellulose molecules are both

Accepted Answer

A)  used by plants as an energy store. 
B)  structurally important in plants. 
C)  entirely composed of monosaccharides with the formula C6(H2O)6. 
D)  unable to be digested by most animals. 
E)  long, unbranched chains of glucose monomers. 
A)  used by plants as an energy store. 
B)  structurally important in plants. 
C)  entirely composed of monosaccharides with the formula C6(H2O)6. 
D)  unable to be digested by most animals. 
E)  long, unbranched chains of glucose monomers.

Question 14

Individual carbon atoms may form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This allows them to form

Accepted Answer

A)  inorganic molecules. 
B)  linear molecules. 
C)  branched molecules. 
D)  both linear and branched molecules. 
E)  reactive molecules. 
A)  inorganic molecules. 
B)  linear molecules. 
C)  branched molecules. 
D)  both linear and branched molecules. 
E)  reactive molecules.

Question 15

When carbohydrate monomers are joined to form polymers, a reaction occurs in which water is released. What sort of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Condensation 
B)  Hydrolysis 
C)  Redox 
D)  Exothermic 
E)  Precipitation 
A)  Condensation 
B)  Hydrolysis 
C)  Redox 
D)  Exothermic 
E)  Precipitation

Question 16

All lipids

Accepted Answer

A)  are more soluble in non-polar solvents than in water. 
B)  have long hydrocarbon chains. 
C)  are made up of fatty acids. 
D)  are hydrophilic. 
E)  are involved in the structure of cell walls. 
A)  are more soluble in non-polar solvents than in water. 
B)  have long hydrocarbon chains. 
C)  are made up of fatty acids. 
D)  are hydrophilic. 
E)  are involved in the structure of cell walls.

Question 17

DNA is a polymer composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides and amino acids joined by phosphodiester linkages and peptide bonds. 
B)  nucleotides and ribose monosaccharides joined by phosphodiester linkages and complementary base pairing. 
C)  nucleotides joined by phosphodiester linkages and hydrogen bonds. 
D)  nucleotides joined to ribose monosaccharides by a phosphodiester bond. 
E)  nucleotides, ribose monosaccharides and phosphate groups, joined by phosphodiester and glycosidic linkages. 
A)  nucleotides and amino acids joined by phosphodiester linkages and peptide bonds. 
B)  nucleotides and ribose monosaccharides joined by phosphodiester linkages and complementary base pairing. 
C)  nucleotides joined by phosphodiester linkages and hydrogen bonds. 
D)  nucleotides joined to ribose monosaccharides by a phosphodiester bond. 
E)  nucleotides, ribose monosaccharides and phosphate groups, joined by phosphodiester and glycosidic linkages.

Question 18

Proteins contain

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. 
B)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes nitrogen. 
C)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. 
D)  carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes phosphorus. 
E)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes sulfur. 
A)  carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. 
B)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes nitrogen. 
C)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. 
D)  carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes phosphorus. 
E)  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes sulfur.

Question 19

DNA is the biomolecule that provides the information for that organism. Which of the following statements about DNA is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells in an organism have the same DNA, but differently expressed, providing specific cellular functions. 
B)  Nucleic acid molecules consist of long chains of nucleotides joined by a glycosidic bond between the monosaccharide and the phosphate group. 
C)  In DNA, the monosaccharide is 2'-ribose and the bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. 
D)  DNA consists of two strands, held together by specific complementary interactions between the phosphate groups. 
E)  The ability of the DNA to replicate itself with a high degree of precision is due to the ability of the bases on different nucleic acid chains to recognise each other by specific covalent bonding. 
A)  All cells in an organism have the same DNA, but differently expressed, providing specific cellular functions. 
B)  Nucleic acid molecules consist of long chains of nucleotides joined by a glycosidic bond between the monosaccharide and the phosphate group. 
C)  In DNA, the monosaccharide is 2'-ribose and the bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. 
D)  DNA consists of two strands, held together by specific complementary interactions between the phosphate groups. 
E)  The ability of the DNA to replicate itself with a high degree of precision is due to the ability of the bases on different nucleic acid chains to recognise each other by specific covalent bonding.

Question 20

Proteins can function as

Accepted Answer

A)  steroid hormones in animals. 
B)  structural elements of the cytoskeleton of protists. 
C)  water-repelling agents on the external surface of animals or plants. 
D)  energy storage molecules in cells. 
E)  all of the statements are correct. 
A)  steroid hormones in animals. 
B)  structural elements of the cytoskeleton of protists. 
C)  water-repelling agents on the external surface of animals or plants. 
D)  energy storage molecules in cells. 
E)  all of the statements are correct.

Exam 2: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates and fatty acids are sources of energy because

Phospholipids are important

Functional groups attached to a carbon-hydrogen core provide characteristic chemical properties. Which of the following statements about functional groups is INCORRECT?

Proteins are polymers of

A scientist tells you about a molecule she has recently isolated from a previously undiscovered organism and describes it as a purine. This molecule could therefore be

Which of the following compounds is made of protein?

Which of the following are all lipids?

A chiral carbon is

Which of the following groups of compounds are all carbohydrates?

Elastin is what type of protein?

Sucrose is used by plants to transport energy. This is because

The structural differences between simple sugars that give them their distinctive properties include

Starch and cellulose molecules are both

Individual carbon atoms may form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This allows them to form

When carbohydrate monomers are joined to form polymers, a reaction occurs in which water is released. What sort of reaction is this?

All lipids

DNA is a polymer composed of

Proteins contain

DNA is the biomolecule that provides the information for that organism. Which of the following statements about DNA is CORRECT?

Proteins can function as

Nature of Molecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters