Question 1

Relative to the open sea, tidal pools have

Accepted Answer

A)  a lower partial pressure of oxygen. 
B)  a higher partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  the same partial pressure of oxygen. 
D)  oxygen content dependent on the surrounding sea. 
E)  Any of these, depending on time of day, tidal conditions and amount of photosynthesis occurring. 
A)  a lower partial pressure of oxygen. 
B)  a higher partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  the same partial pressure of oxygen. 
D)  oxygen content dependent on the surrounding sea. 
E)  Any of these, depending on time of day, tidal conditions and amount of photosynthesis occurring.

Question 2

Gigantotherms

Accepted Answer

A)  are restricted to relatively warm environments. 
B)  are very large terrestrial ectotherms. 
C)  have a small surface area to volume ratio. 
D)  have a thick integument. 
E)  all of the options listed here are correct. 
A)  are restricted to relatively warm environments. 
B)  are very large terrestrial ectotherms. 
C)  have a small surface area to volume ratio. 
D)  have a thick integument. 
E)  all of the options listed here are correct.

Question 3

Cryoprotectants are organic molecules such as _______, which protect _______ against cold-induced damage. Fill in the blanks in this statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins, enzymes. 
B)  carbohydrates, secretions. 
C)  sugars, membranes. 
D)  fats, intracellular fluids. 
E)  sugars, enzymes. 
A)  proteins, enzymes. 
B)  carbohydrates, secretions. 
C)  sugars, membranes. 
D)  fats, intracellular fluids. 
E)  sugars, enzymes.

Question 4

When compared with its rate of diffusion in air, the rate of diffusion of a gas in water

Accepted Answer

A)  is faster. 
B)  is the same. 
C)  is slower. 
D)  is dependent on the temperature of the water. 
E)  fluctuates. 
A)  is faster. 
B)  is the same. 
C)  is slower. 
D)  is dependent on the temperature of the water. 
E)  fluctuates.

Question 5

Most reptiles are ectotherms. A snake that keeps its eggs warm by coiling around them and shivering to maintain a constant, higher body temperature would be an

Accepted Answer

A)  Ectotherm 
B)  Ecotherm 
C)  Homeotherm 
D)  Endotherm 
E)  Polytherm 
A)  Ectotherm 
B)  Ecotherm 
C)  Homeotherm 
D)  Endotherm 
E)  Polytherm

Question 6

The response of an organism to a change in one particular aspect of its environment is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  genotypic plasticity. 
B)  acclimation. 
C)  acclimatisation. 
D)  compensation. 
E)  maturation. 
A)  genotypic plasticity. 
B)  acclimation. 
C)  acclimatisation. 
D)  compensation. 
E)  maturation.

Question 7

Animals that depend largely on external heat sources to maintain body temperatures above ambient are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  endotherms. 
B)  ectotherms. 
C)  reptiles. 
D)  warm-blooded. 
E)  cold-blooded. 
A)  endotherms. 
B)  ectotherms. 
C)  reptiles. 
D)  warm-blooded. 
E)  cold-blooded.

Question 8

People acclimatised to life at high altitudes show

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the number of red blood cells. 
B)  an increase in the number of capillaries. 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of haemoglobin. 
D)  an increase in heart rate. 
E)  decrease in myoglobin concentration in muscles. 
A)  a decrease in the number of red blood cells. 
B)  an increase in the number of capillaries. 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of haemoglobin. 
D)  an increase in heart rate. 
E)  decrease in myoglobin concentration in muscles.

Question 9

Animals that change their resting metabolic rate in response to seasonal changes in their environment

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo acclimation. 
B)  undergo acclimatisation. 
C)  show genotypic plasticity. 
D)  show seasonal metabolic compensation. 
E)  experience a genetically based change in phenotype. 
A)  undergo acclimation. 
B)  undergo acclimatisation. 
C)  show genotypic plasticity. 
D)  show seasonal metabolic compensation. 
E)  experience a genetically based change in phenotype.

Question 10

In a species of frog that undergoes seasonal metabolic compensation, the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in winter would be

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in summer. 
B)  lower than the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in summer. 
C)  the same as the metabolic rate measured at 25 $\degree$C in winter. 
D)  higher than the metabolic rate measured at 25 $\degree$C in winter. 
E)  the same as the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in summer. 
A)  higher than the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in summer. 
B)  lower than the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in summer. 
C)  the same as the metabolic rate measured at 25 $\degree$C in winter. 
D)  higher than the metabolic rate measured at 25 $\degree$C in winter. 
E)  the same as the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$C in summer.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotherms have the ability to maintain a constant body temperature whereas ectotherms do not. 
B)  Endotherms have lower metabolic rates than ectotherms of the same body mass. 
C)  Both endotherms and ectotherms regulate their body temperature. 
D)  The body temperature of ectotherms is the same as the ambient temperature. 
E)  All of the answers are true. 
A)  Endotherms have the ability to maintain a constant body temperature whereas ectotherms do not. 
B)  Endotherms have lower metabolic rates than ectotherms of the same body mass. 
C)  Both endotherms and ectotherms regulate their body temperature. 
D)  The body temperature of ectotherms is the same as the ambient temperature. 
E)  All of the answers are true.

Question 12

Some termite species of the Australian arid zone keep the temperature in their nests relatively constant by

Accepted Answer

A)  building the nest with an east-west orientation. 
B)  using insulating wood pulp as a building material. 
C)  blocking off air passages. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  building the nest with an east-west orientation. 
B)  using insulating wood pulp as a building material. 
C)  blocking off air passages. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

When a mammal such as a pygmy possum arouses from torpor, which of the following physiological changes is most effective in initially increasing temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in body temperature. 
B)  An increase in cardiac output and blood flow to the brain. 
C)  Increased digestive activity. 
D)  The metabolism of brown fat reserves. 
E)  Shivering. 
A)  An increase in body temperature. 
B)  An increase in cardiac output and blood flow to the brain. 
C)  Increased digestive activity. 
D)  The metabolism of brown fat reserves. 
E)  Shivering.

Question 14

Which of the following physiological changes occurs during the diving response in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased heart rate 
B)  Decreased arterial pressure 
C)  Increased tolerance to high concentrations of lactic acid in the blood 
D)  Decreased blood flow to muscles involved in locomotion 
E)  Decreased heart rate 
A)  Increased heart rate 
B)  Decreased arterial pressure 
C)  Increased tolerance to high concentrations of lactic acid in the blood 
D)  Decreased blood flow to muscles involved in locomotion 
E)  Decreased heart rate

Question 15

Stenothermal ectotherms

Accepted Answer

A)  are thermoregulating animals. 
B)  have widely variable body temperatures. 
C)  need to expend considerable energy maintaining thermal homeostasis. 
D)  is biochemically advantageous to physiological processes. 
E)  are able to occupy diverse environments. 
A)  are thermoregulating animals. 
B)  have widely variable body temperatures. 
C)  need to expend considerable energy maintaining thermal homeostasis. 
D)  is biochemically advantageous to physiological processes. 
E)  are able to occupy diverse environments.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thigmotherms use conductive heat gain as their major mechanism to increase body temperature above ambient temperature. 
B)  Many ectotherms are thigmotherms, gaining most of their heat from solar radiation. 
C)  Aquatic ectotherms have more scope to manipulate temperature than terrestrial ectotherms. 
D)  Heliotherms maintain precisely regulated body temperature well below ambient temperatures. 
E)  Ectothermes tend to cool more rapidly than they heat, and frequently overshoot high temperature set-points. 
A)  Thigmotherms use conductive heat gain as their major mechanism to increase body temperature above ambient temperature. 
B)  Many ectotherms are thigmotherms, gaining most of their heat from solar radiation. 
C)  Aquatic ectotherms have more scope to manipulate temperature than terrestrial ectotherms. 
D)  Heliotherms maintain precisely regulated body temperature well below ambient temperatures. 
E)  Ectothermes tend to cool more rapidly than they heat, and frequently overshoot high temperature set-points.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a response to an extended low partial pressure of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lowered torpor response threshold 
B)  More efficient O2 binding red blood cells. 
C)  Lowering of body temperature 
D)  Depression of thermogenesis 
E)  Drop in metabolic rate 
A)  Lowered torpor response threshold 
B)  More efficient O2 binding red blood cells. 
C)  Lowering of body temperature 
D)  Depression of thermogenesis 
E)  Drop in metabolic rate

Question 18

The rates of two biochemical reactions are measured and found to increase exponentially with temperature. At 5 $\degree$C both reactions occur at the same rate; however, reaction A is less sensitive to temperature than reaction

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction A. 
B)  Reaction B. 
C)  Both reactions have the same Q10. 
D)  Q10 will change with the temperature of the reaction. 
E)  There is not enough information to tell. 
A)  Reaction A. 
B)  Reaction B. 
C)  Both reactions have the same Q10. 
D)  Q10 will change with the temperature of the reaction. 
E)  There is not enough information to tell.

Question 19

Why is phenotype plasticity best developed in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are a diverse number of extant plants. 
B)  Plants harden. 
C)  Plants have sedentary growth. 
D)  Plants have large genomes which enable them to respond to many environmental changes. 
E)  Plants have a high tolerance to extreme temperatures. 
A)  There are a diverse number of extant plants. 
B)  Plants harden. 
C)  Plants have sedentary growth. 
D)  Plants have large genomes which enable them to respond to many environmental changes. 
E)  Plants have a high tolerance to extreme temperatures.

Question 20

Factors affecting metabolic rate include all of the following, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  level of activity. 
B)  sunshine. 
C)  body temperature. 
D)  stage of development. 
E)  state of digestion. 
A)  level of activity. 
B)  sunshine. 
C)  body temperature. 
D)  stage of development. 
E)  state of digestion.

Exam 25: Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Relative to the open sea, tidal pools have

Gigantotherms

Cryoprotectants are organic molecules such as _______, which protect _______ against cold-induced damage. Fill in the blanks in this statement.

When compared with its rate of diffusion in air, the rate of diffusion of a gas in water

Most reptiles are ectotherms. A snake that keeps its eggs warm by coiling around them and shivering to maintain a constant, higher body temperature would be an

The response of an organism to a change in one particular aspect of its environment is known as

Animals that depend largely on external heat sources to maintain body temperatures above ambient are referred to as

People acclimatised to life at high altitudes show

Animals that change their resting metabolic rate in response to seasonal changes in their environment

In a species of frog that undergoes seasonal metabolic compensation, the metabolic rate measured at 10 °\degree° C in winter would be

Which of the following statements is true?

Some termite species of the Australian arid zone keep the temperature in their nests relatively constant by

When a mammal such as a pygmy possum arouses from torpor, which of the following physiological changes is most effective in initially increasing temperature?

Which of the following physiological changes occurs during the diving response in vertebrates?

Stenothermal ectotherms

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Which of the following is NOT a response to an extended low partial pressure of oxygen?

The rates of two biochemical reactions are measured and found to increase exponentially with temperature. At 5 °\degree° C both reactions occur at the same rate; however, reaction A is less sensitive to temperature than reaction

Why is phenotype plasticity best developed in plants?

Factors affecting metabolic rate include all of the following, EXCEPT

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters

Cryoprotectants are organic molecules such as _, which protect _ against cold-induced damage. Fill in the blanks in this statement.

In a species of frog that undergoes seasonal metabolic compensation, the metabolic rate measured at 10 $\degree$ C in winter would be

The rates of two biochemical reactions are measured and found to increase exponentially with temperature. At 5 $\degree$ C both reactions occur at the same rate; however, reaction A is less sensitive to temperature than reaction