Question 1

Methanogenic bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  produce all the methane implicated in global warming. 
B)  are chemoautotrophs, implying that they require organic carbon molecules as a carbon source. 
C)  are found in the intestine of mammals, waterlogged soils and garbage tips. 
D)  use hydrogen gas and oxygen to generate energy. 
E)  produce hydrogen from methane. 
A)  produce all the methane implicated in global warming. 
B)  are chemoautotrophs, implying that they require organic carbon molecules as a carbon source. 
C)  are found in the intestine of mammals, waterlogged soils and garbage tips. 
D)  use hydrogen gas and oxygen to generate energy. 
E)  produce hydrogen from methane.

Question 2

'Blue-green algal blooms' in Australian waterways are usually caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria. 
B)  microalgae. 
C)  dinoflagellates. 
D)  euglenoids. 
E)  stromatolites. 
A)  cyanobacteria. 
B)  microalgae. 
C)  dinoflagellates. 
D)  euglenoids. 
E)  stromatolites.

Question 3

In a series of experiments, DNA was extracted from pneumonia-causing bacteria and added to a tube containing mutant bacteria of the same species. The mutants had lost the ability to cause pneumonia. Mice were injected with either the mixture or with the mutant strain. Only the mice injected with the mixture died. The results can be best be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  mutation. 
E)  transfection. 
A)  transduction. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  mutation. 
E)  transfection.

Question 4

A microorganism is isolated from a salty hot spring. It will not grow at room temperature. You would predict that it is a species of

Accepted Answer

A)  microalgae. 
B)  cyanobacteria. 
C)  dinoflagellate. 
D)  Archaea. 
E)  euglenoids. 
A)  microalgae. 
B)  cyanobacteria. 
C)  dinoflagellate. 
D)  Archaea. 
E)  euglenoids.

Question 5

An organism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source for growth and uses inorganic substances, such as ferrous iron, as an energy source would be classified as a

Accepted Answer

A)  photoheterotroph. 
B)  photoautotroph. 
C)  chemoheterotroph. 
D)  chemoautotroph. 
E)  chemoheterotroph and chemoautotroph. 
A)  photoheterotroph. 
B)  photoautotroph. 
C)  chemoheterotroph. 
D)  chemoautotroph. 
E)  chemoheterotroph and chemoautotroph.

Question 6

One piece of evidence for the common origin of all cellular organisms is that all cellular organisms have

Accepted Answer

A)  the same biochemical metabolism. 
B)  membrane-bound organelles. 
C)  genetic information in the form of DNA. 
D)  a nucleus. 
E)  mitochondria. 
A)  the same biochemical metabolism. 
B)  membrane-bound organelles. 
C)  genetic information in the form of DNA. 
D)  a nucleus. 
E)  mitochondria.

Question 7

The use of antibiotics by humans can sometimes result in an opportunistic infection because

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics inhibit immune cells, leaving the immune system in a weakened state. 
B)  antibiotics do not distinguish between 'good' and 'bad' bacteria. 
C)  some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. 
D)  opportunistic pathogens have a symbiotic relationship with the primary pathogen. 
E)  antibiotics depress cellular energy production in some bacteria and so allow the rapid growth of other bacteria. 
A)  antibiotics inhibit immune cells, leaving the immune system in a weakened state. 
B)  antibiotics do not distinguish between 'good' and 'bad' bacteria. 
C)  some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. 
D)  opportunistic pathogens have a symbiotic relationship with the primary pathogen. 
E)  antibiotics depress cellular energy production in some bacteria and so allow the rapid growth of other bacteria.

Question 8

Using modern techniques for sequencing DNA/RNA, cellular organisms have been classified into three major groups:

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria. 
B)  Plants, Animals, Bacteria. 
C)  Prokaryotes, Plants, Animals. 
D)  Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Fungi. 
E)  Eukarya, Archaea and Prokaryotes. 
A)  Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria. 
B)  Plants, Animals, Bacteria. 
C)  Prokaryotes, Plants, Animals. 
D)  Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Fungi. 
E)  Eukarya, Archaea and Prokaryotes.

Question 9

Bacteria are used by humans for many beneficial activities. Such activities include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  production of cheese and yoghurt. 
B)  synthesis of antibiotics. 
C)  sewage treatment and recycling of waste products. 
D)  corrosion of concrete pipes. 
E)  insect control. 
A)  production of cheese and yoghurt. 
B)  synthesis of antibiotics. 
C)  sewage treatment and recycling of waste products. 
D)  corrosion of concrete pipes. 
E)  insect control.

Question 10

Bacteriophages

Accepted Answer

A)  are bacteria which parasitise other bacteria. 
B)  may transfer DNA from one bacterium to another. 
C)  are involved in conjugation. 
D)  are circular pieces of DNA that exist in the bacterial cell independent of chromosomal DNA. 
E)  are small viruses that infect bacteria and fungi. 
A)  are bacteria which parasitise other bacteria. 
B)  may transfer DNA from one bacterium to another. 
C)  are involved in conjugation. 
D)  are circular pieces of DNA that exist in the bacterial cell independent of chromosomal DNA. 
E)  are small viruses that infect bacteria and fungi.

Question 11

Nitrogen fixation in soil is carried out by

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  mycorrhizae. 
E)  algae. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  mycorrhizae. 
E)  algae.

Question 12

Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have a cytoskeleton. 
B)  have no membrane-bound organelles. 
C)  have a semirigid cell wall. 
D)  do not have a nucleus. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  do not have a cytoskeleton. 
B)  have no membrane-bound organelles. 
C)  have a semirigid cell wall. 
D)  do not have a nucleus. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Penicillin and cephalosporins are effective antibiotics because eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have different

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic requirements. 
B)  microfilaments and microtubules. 
C)  cell wall structures. 
D)  types of organelles. 
E)  cytoplasmic membranes. 
A)  metabolic requirements. 
B)  microfilaments and microtubules. 
C)  cell wall structures. 
D)  types of organelles. 
E)  cytoplasmic membranes.

Question 14

A bacterial strain is identified that is resistant to all known antibiotics. What might be one other effective method of treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tail of a newt 
B)  Eye of a toad 
C)  Veined wing of the cicada 
D)  Fingernail of an orang-utan 
E)  Halteres of a dipteran 
A)  Tail of a newt 
B)  Eye of a toad 
C)  Veined wing of the cicada 
D)  Fingernail of an orang-utan 
E)  Halteres of a dipteran

Question 15

Genetic variation can arise from conjugation in bacteria. During conjugation

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no physical contact between the bacteria. 
B)  a bacteriophage acts as a vector for DNA. 
C)  the incoming DNA is always broken down by enzymes in the recipient bacteria. 
D)  the incoming DNA may be integrated into DNA in the recipient bacteria or may be maintained as an independent plasmid. 
E)  small pieces of DNA are transferred from one bacteria to another through bacterial pili. 
A)  there is no physical contact between the bacteria. 
B)  a bacteriophage acts as a vector for DNA. 
C)  the incoming DNA is always broken down by enzymes in the recipient bacteria. 
D)  the incoming DNA may be integrated into DNA in the recipient bacteria or may be maintained as an independent plasmid. 
E)  small pieces of DNA are transferred from one bacteria to another through bacterial pili.

Question 16

Domain Archaea include species which are able to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce methane. 
B)  live at extremely high temperatures. 
C)  replicate under high salt conditions. 
D)  live in acidic environments. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  produce methane. 
B)  live at extremely high temperatures. 
C)  replicate under high salt conditions. 
D)  live in acidic environments. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about bacteria evolution is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fossil evidence and DNA sequences have been used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of early prokaryotes. 
B)  Archaea, which are very old life forms, are more closely related to Eukarya than are Bacteria. 
C)  Prokaryotes able to perform photosynthesis evolved when oxygen became plentiful in the atmosphere. 
D)  Early prokaryotes were capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis to obtain energy. 
E)  The earliest forms of microscopic life resembles all modern bacterial forms. 
A)  Fossil evidence and DNA sequences have been used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of early prokaryotes. 
B)  Archaea, which are very old life forms, are more closely related to Eukarya than are Bacteria. 
C)  Prokaryotes able to perform photosynthesis evolved when oxygen became plentiful in the atmosphere. 
D)  Early prokaryotes were capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis to obtain energy. 
E)  The earliest forms of microscopic life resembles all modern bacterial forms.

Question 18

Genetic variation in bacteria is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis. 
B)  being diploid. 
C)  incorporation of foreign DNA. 
D)  sexual reproduction. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  meiosis. 
B)  being diploid. 
C)  incorporation of foreign DNA. 
D)  sexual reproduction. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

About 3.5 billion years ago when life first started to develop, the atmosphere of the earth was likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  been an oxidising atmosphere. 
B)  had low levels of UV light. 
C)  had little ozone. 
D)  been aerobic. 
E)  only low levels of oxygen. 
A)  been an oxidising atmosphere. 
B)  had low levels of UV light. 
C)  had little ozone. 
D)  been aerobic. 
E)  only low levels of oxygen.

Question 20

Bacteria obtain energy by all of the following methods EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  anaerobic fermentation. 
C)  aerobic respiration. 
D)  hydrolysis of water. 
E)  glycolysis. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  anaerobic fermentation. 
C)  aerobic respiration. 
D)  hydrolysis of water. 
E)  glycolysis.

Exam 35: Bacteria

Methanogenic bacteria

'Blue-green algal blooms' in Australian waterways are usually caused by

A microorganism is isolated from a salty hot spring. It will not grow at room temperature. You would predict that it is a species of

An organism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source for growth and uses inorganic substances, such as ferrous iron, as an energy source would be classified as a

One piece of evidence for the common origin of all cellular organisms is that all cellular organisms have

The use of antibiotics by humans can sometimes result in an opportunistic infection because

Using modern techniques for sequencing DNA/RNA, cellular organisms have been classified into three major groups:

Bacteria are used by humans for many beneficial activities. Such activities include all of the following EXCEPT

Bacteriophages

Nitrogen fixation in soil is carried out by

Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes

Penicillin and cephalosporins are effective antibiotics because eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have different

A bacterial strain is identified that is resistant to all known antibiotics. What might be one other effective method of treatment?

Genetic variation can arise from conjugation in bacteria. During conjugation

Domain Archaea include species which are able to

Which of the following statements about bacteria evolution is CORRECT?

Genetic variation in bacteria is achieved by

About 3.5 billion years ago when life first started to develop, the atmosphere of the earth was likely to have

Bacteria obtain energy by all of the following methods EXCEPT

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters