Question 1

Protists are diverse organisms and some store starch. Protists which store starch include

Accepted Answer

A)  cryptomonads. 
B)  chrysophytes. 
C)  red algae. 
D)  diatoms. 
E)  haptophytes. 
A)  cryptomonads. 
B)  chrysophytes. 
C)  red algae. 
D)  diatoms. 
E)  haptophytes.

Question 2

Trypanosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  are multicellular parasites which have two flagella. 
B)  are transmitted by sandflies and cause disease due to infection of human macrophage cells. 
C)  are free-swimming in the blood of humans, and avoid the host immune system by constantly changing their surface proteins. 
D)  contain a structure called a kinetoplast is located at the base of the flagella, adjacent to the mitochondrion. 
E)  store paramylon, a $\beta$-(1$\rightarrow$3) glucan, as granules in the cytoplasm. 
A)  are multicellular parasites which have two flagella. 
B)  are transmitted by sandflies and cause disease due to infection of human macrophage cells. 
C)  are free-swimming in the blood of humans, and avoid the host immune system by constantly changing their surface proteins. 
D)  contain a structure called a kinetoplast is located at the base of the flagella, adjacent to the mitochondrion. 
E)  store paramylon, a $\beta$-(1$\rightarrow$3) glucan, as granules in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Diplomonads are all of the following, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they are unicellular heterotrophic flagellates. 
B)  they have two nuclei. 
C)  they have two flagella. 
D)  they contain a sucker-like central disc which they use to attach to the gut of animals. 
E)  they have a large mitochondrion, and are restricted to anaerobic environment. 
A)  they are unicellular heterotrophic flagellates. 
B)  they have two nuclei. 
C)  they have two flagella. 
D)  they contain a sucker-like central disc which they use to attach to the gut of animals. 
E)  they have a large mitochondrion, and are restricted to anaerobic environment.

Question 4

Which is the correct sequence of stages in the lifecycle of a typical myxomycete?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sporangium, myxamoebae, zygote, plasmodium 
B)  Plasmodium, zygote, sporangium, myxamoebae 
C)  Zygote, myxamoebae, plasmodium, sporangium 
D)  Zygote, plasmodium, myxamoebae, sporangium 
E)  Myxamoebae, sporangium, zygote, plasmodium 
A)  Sporangium, myxamoebae, zygote, plasmodium 
B)  Plasmodium, zygote, sporangium, myxamoebae 
C)  Zygote, myxamoebae, plasmodium, sporangium 
D)  Zygote, plasmodium, myxamoebae, sporangium 
E)  Myxamoebae, sporangium, zygote, plasmodium

Question 5

Which of the following groups of eukaryotes are considered most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red algae and plants 
B)  Slime moulds and fungi 
C)  Brown algae and green algae 
D)  Choanoflagellates and dinoflagellates 
E)  Mycetozoa and euglenoids 
A)  Red algae and plants 
B)  Slime moulds and fungi 
C)  Brown algae and green algae 
D)  Choanoflagellates and dinoflagellates 
E)  Mycetozoa and euglenoids

Question 6

What is the main function of the large mass of DNA present in the single mitochondrion near the base of the flagella in kinetoplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motion 
B)  Energy 
C)  E- donation 
D)  Protein synthesis 
E)  Protein tagging, secretion and external targeting 
A)  Motion 
B)  Energy 
C)  E- donation 
D)  Protein synthesis 
E)  Protein tagging, secretion and external targeting

Question 7

An alga is collected from very deep water (150 m). It has a multicellular growth form and non-motile gametes, and therefore is most likely to be a

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyte. 
B)  chrysophyte. 
C)  phaeophyte. 
D)  cryptomonads. 
E)  rhodophyte. 
A)  chlorophyte. 
B)  chrysophyte. 
C)  phaeophyte. 
D)  cryptomonads. 
E)  rhodophyte.

Question 8

The phycobilin pigments, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, are accessory photosynthetic pigments in the plastids of

Accepted Answer

A)  rhodophytes. 
B)  chlorophytes. 
C)  phaeophytes. 
D)  chrysophytes. 
E)  glaucophytes. 
A)  rhodophytes. 
B)  chlorophytes. 
C)  phaeophytes. 
D)  chrysophytes. 
E)  glaucophytes.

Question 9

Unicellular amoebae that aggregate to form a migratory colony when their food supply runs short are characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  forams. 
B)  rhizopods. 
C)  myxomycetes. 
D)  cellular slime moulds. 
E)  acellular slime moulds. 
A)  forams. 
B)  rhizopods. 
C)  myxomycetes. 
D)  cellular slime moulds. 
E)  acellular slime moulds.

Question 10

The photosynthetic pigments found in the plastids of green algae are

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin. 
B)  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and peridinin. 
C)  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and ß-carotene. 
D)  chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin. 
E)  chlorophyll a and phycobilins. 
A)  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin. 
B)  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and peridinin. 
C)  chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and ß-carotene. 
D)  chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin. 
E)  chlorophyll a and phycobilins.

Question 11

Oomycetes

Accepted Answer

A)  have distinctive vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum, corticol alvioli, beneath the plasma membrane. 
B)  store paramylon, a $\beta$-(1$\rightarrow$3) glucan, as granules in the cytoplasm. 
C)  have elaborate skeletons of silica. 
D)  have coenocytic hyphae with cellulose walls. 
E)  are extremely abundant in inland waters, frequently forming massive blooms. 
A)  have distinctive vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum, corticol alvioli, beneath the plasma membrane. 
B)  store paramylon, a $\beta$-(1$\rightarrow$3) glucan, as granules in the cytoplasm. 
C)  have elaborate skeletons of silica. 
D)  have coenocytic hyphae with cellulose walls. 
E)  are extremely abundant in inland waters, frequently forming massive blooms.

Question 12

Which of the following protist groups move using pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diatoms 
B)  Rhizopods 
C)  Cellular slime moulds 
D)  Diplomonads 
E)  Apicomplexans 
A)  Diatoms 
B)  Rhizopods 
C)  Cellular slime moulds 
D)  Diplomonads 
E)  Apicomplexans

Question 13

Diplomonads are

Accepted Answer

A)  unicellular protists with two nuclei, each associated with a pair of flagella. 
B)  normally involved in parasitic relationships with animals. 
C)  considered more primitive than other protists because they lack mitochondria. 
D)  internal, disease-causing parasites found in the blood of humans and other vertebrates. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  unicellular protists with two nuclei, each associated with a pair of flagella. 
B)  normally involved in parasitic relationships with animals. 
C)  considered more primitive than other protists because they lack mitochondria. 
D)  internal, disease-causing parasites found in the blood of humans and other vertebrates. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

A hiker drinks fresh water from a stream in a forest. Two days later he experiences violent diarrhoea and examines a sample of his own stool. Under the microscope he observes an organism approximately 15µm long with what appears to be two nuclei. The hiker's diarrhoea is most likely caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Giardia 
B)  Diplomonads 
C)  Parabasalids 
D)  Shigella 
E)  Entamoeba 
A)  Giardia 
B)  Diplomonads 
C)  Parabasalids 
D)  Shigella 
E)  Entamoeba

Question 15

A biologist was asked to identify a unicellular organism collected from shallow marine waters. The organism secreted a multichambered porous test and extending through the pores were slender, brownish-coloured pseudopodia forming a protoplasmic net. Experiments showed that the growth of the test was greatest in the presence of light. Based on this information, the biologist concluded that the organism was a

Accepted Answer

A)  diatom. 
B)  actinopod. 
C)  foram. 
D)  cercozoa. 
E)  dinoflagellate. 
A)  diatom. 
B)  actinopod. 
C)  foram. 
D)  cercozoa. 
E)  dinoflagellate.

Question 16

Forams

Accepted Answer

A)  occur in great abundance as plankton, but do not occur in deepwater. 
B)  are mostly marine heterotrophs that produce elaborate calcareous (CaCO3) shells. 
C)  contain DNA that is composed of tiny DNA circles linked in a chain and forming an elongated rod-like structure. 
D)  are similar to green algae with fucoxanthin in the chloroplase, as well as chlorophyll a. 
E)  some cause a human disease called African Sleeping Sickness. 
A)  occur in great abundance as plankton, but do not occur in deepwater. 
B)  are mostly marine heterotrophs that produce elaborate calcareous (CaCO3) shells. 
C)  contain DNA that is composed of tiny DNA circles linked in a chain and forming an elongated rod-like structure. 
D)  are similar to green algae with fucoxanthin in the chloroplase, as well as chlorophyll a. 
E)  some cause a human disease called African Sleeping Sickness.

Question 17

A parasitic protist of mammalians contains a plastid that is necessary for the synthesis of at least one critical compound. How could this information be used in combatting this protist?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plastid can be specifically targeted by a drug, thus killing the parasite without harming the host. 
B)  The host could be treated with a protisticide. 
C)  Plastids are not normally found in protists, therefore they are particularly susceptible to chemical interference. 
D)  The premise of the question is factually incorrect - protists cannot contains plastids. 
E)  Plastids do not have plastid-specific functions, therefore are not able to be manipulated to combat the host. 
A)  The plastid can be specifically targeted by a drug, thus killing the parasite without harming the host. 
B)  The host could be treated with a protisticide. 
C)  Plastids are not normally found in protists, therefore they are particularly susceptible to chemical interference. 
D)  The premise of the question is factually incorrect - protists cannot contains plastids. 
E)  Plastids do not have plastid-specific functions, therefore are not able to be manipulated to combat the host.

Question 18

Euglenoids

Accepted Answer

A)  have an anterior gullet with emergent and non-emergent flagella. 
B)  excrete undigested material through the cytoproct. 
C)  secrete an elaborate proteinaceous cell wall. 
D)  store the products of photosynthesis as paramylon granules inside their chloroplasts. 
E)  have a cytoskeleton composed of actin. 
A)  have an anterior gullet with emergent and non-emergent flagella. 
B)  excrete undigested material through the cytoproct. 
C)  secrete an elaborate proteinaceous cell wall. 
D)  store the products of photosynthesis as paramylon granules inside their chloroplasts. 
E)  have a cytoskeleton composed of actin.

Question 19

Dunaliella salina, under certain environmental conditions, can produce high levels of $\beta$, $\beta$-carotene. This orange-red pigment has applications in neutraceuticals as it can be readily converted to

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin A. 
B)  Vitamin C. 
C)  Vitamin D. 
D)  linoleic acid. 
E)  tryptophan. 
A)  Vitamin A. 
B)  Vitamin C. 
C)  Vitamin D. 
D)  linoleic acid. 
E)  tryptophan.

Question 20

Which of the following statements provides evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria are absent in the most primitive eukaryotes. 
B)  Replication of mitochondria occurs by binary fission. 
C)  Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane. 
D)  Replication of the mitochondria is independent of cell division. 
E)  Some of the proteins needed in mitochondria are encoded by nuclear genes, which are transcribed and translated within the cytoplasm. 
A)  Mitochondria are absent in the most primitive eukaryotes. 
B)  Replication of mitochondria occurs by binary fission. 
C)  Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane. 
D)  Replication of the mitochondria is independent of cell division. 
E)  Some of the proteins needed in mitochondria are encoded by nuclear genes, which are transcribed and translated within the cytoplasm.

Exam 36: The Protists

Protists are diverse organisms and some store starch. Protists which store starch include

Trypanosomes

Diplomonads are all of the following, EXCEPT

Which is the correct sequence of stages in the lifecycle of a typical myxomycete?

Which of the following groups of eukaryotes are considered most closely related?

What is the main function of the large mass of DNA present in the single mitochondrion near the base of the flagella in kinetoplasts?

An alga is collected from very deep water (150 m). It has a multicellular growth form and non-motile gametes, and therefore is most likely to be a

The phycobilin pigments, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, are accessory photosynthetic pigments in the plastids of

Unicellular amoebae that aggregate to form a migratory colony when their food supply runs short are characteristic of

The photosynthetic pigments found in the plastids of green algae are

Oomycetes

Which of the following protist groups move using pseudopodia?

Diplomonads are

A hiker drinks fresh water from a stream in a forest. Two days later he experiences violent diarrhoea and examines a sample of his own stool. Under the microscope he observes an organism approximately 15µm long with what appears to be two nuclei. The hiker's diarrhoea is most likely caused by

Forams

A parasitic protist of mammalians contains a plastid that is necessary for the synthesis of at least one critical compound. How could this information be used in combatting this protist?

Euglenoids

Dunaliella salina, under certain environmental conditions, can produce high levels of β\betaβ , β\betaβ -carotene. This orange-red pigment has applications in neutraceuticals as it can be readily converted to

Which of the following statements provides evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria?

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

Population Ecology

Living in Communities

Ecosystems

Human Impacts

Filters

Dunaliella salina, under certain environmental conditions, can produce high levels of $\beta$ , $\beta$ -carotene. This orange-red pigment has applications in neutraceuticals as it can be readily converted to