Question 1

The nematode nervous system consists of a ganglionated ring surrounding the

Accepted Answer

A)  foregut. 
B)  thorax. 
C)  body segments. 
D)  proteinaceous cuticle. 
E)  ventral, dorsal and lateral epidermis. 
A)  foregut. 
B)  thorax. 
C)  body segments. 
D)  proteinaceous cuticle. 
E)  ventral, dorsal and lateral epidermis.

Question 2

Which feature is NOT found in nematodes?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mouth and an anus 
B)  Segmentation 
C)  Parasitism 
D)  Small, tapering, cylindrical bodies 
E)  Anterior sense organs 
A)  A mouth and an anus 
B)  Segmentation 
C)  Parasitism 
D)  Small, tapering, cylindrical bodies 
E)  Anterior sense organs

Question 3

In arthropods, the haemocoel

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of space in the body filled with a circulating fluid. 
B)  consists of a heart and the blood. 
C)  is reduced and virtually absent in adults. 
D)  an elongate dorsal vessel which pumps blood through the body. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  consists of space in the body filled with a circulating fluid. 
B)  consists of a heart and the blood. 
C)  is reduced and virtually absent in adults. 
D)  an elongate dorsal vessel which pumps blood through the body. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 4

What is the main disadvantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has to be moulted periodically 
B)  Difficulties with temperature regulation 
C)  Reduced motility and manoeuvrability 
D)  Gas exchange inhibition 
E)  Chitin leakage of ions and subsequent disruption of internal electrochemical gradients 
A)  It has to be moulted periodically 
B)  Difficulties with temperature regulation 
C)  Reduced motility and manoeuvrability 
D)  Gas exchange inhibition 
E)  Chitin leakage of ions and subsequent disruption of internal electrochemical gradients

Question 5

The arthropod blood vascular system is termed an open system because

Accepted Answer

A)  blood is not always enclosed in vessels. 
B)  there is no heart to pump the blood. 
C)  it does not have a haemocoel. 
D)  it originated from the coelom which is open. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  blood is not always enclosed in vessels. 
B)  there is no heart to pump the blood. 
C)  it does not have a haemocoel. 
D)  it originated from the coelom which is open. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

A scientist is experimenting on a species of male crab by altering its usual levels of ecdysteroid hormones. What would be an obvious morphological response from this treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The crab will prematurely begin its mating cycle. 
B)  The crab's circadian rhythms will not follow the normal day/night cycle, resulting in the crab being active at night and sheltering in the day. 
C)  The crab's moulting process will be abnormal. 
D)  The crab's testes will shrink markedly. 
E)  The crab's compound eyes will reduce, and start to mimic small antennae-like appendages. 
A)  The crab will prematurely begin its mating cycle. 
B)  The crab's circadian rhythms will not follow the normal day/night cycle, resulting in the crab being active at night and sheltering in the day. 
C)  The crab's moulting process will be abnormal. 
D)  The crab's testes will shrink markedly. 
E)  The crab's compound eyes will reduce, and start to mimic small antennae-like appendages.

Question 7

In contrast to most polychaetea, oligochaetes

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo asexual reproduction, common in aquatic organisms. 
B)  have gonads in only a few body segments. 
C)  are hermaphroditic, but cross-fertilise by storing sperm in sacs called spermathecae 
D)  have only 4 pairs of simple bristles per segment. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  undergo asexual reproduction, common in aquatic organisms. 
B)  have gonads in only a few body segments. 
C)  are hermaphroditic, but cross-fertilise by storing sperm in sacs called spermathecae 
D)  have only 4 pairs of simple bristles per segment. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Hirudin is

Accepted Answer

A)  single-celled photoreceptors, a 'little eye' of leeches. 
B)  the sac used to store sperm in earthworms. 
C)  the free-living larvae of polychaetes. 
D)  an anticoagulant protein secreted by many leeches. 
E)  the proteinaceous cuticle of nematodes. 
A)  single-celled photoreceptors, a 'little eye' of leeches. 
B)  the sac used to store sperm in earthworms. 
C)  the free-living larvae of polychaetes. 
D)  an anticoagulant protein secreted by many leeches. 
E)  the proteinaceous cuticle of nematodes.

Question 9

Which of the following animals are segmented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nematodes. 
B)  Molluscs. 
C)  Annelids. 
D)  Annelids and nematodes. 
E)  Annelids and molluscs. 
A)  Nematodes. 
B)  Molluscs. 
C)  Annelids. 
D)  Annelids and nematodes. 
E)  Annelids and molluscs.

Question 10

The arthropod exoskeleton has many advantages. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Minimising water loss 
B)  Physical protection from predation 
C)  Flexibility for movement 
D)  Internal sites for muscle attachment 
E)  Improved electrochemical gradient maintenance 
A)  Minimising water loss 
B)  Physical protection from predation 
C)  Flexibility for movement 
D)  Internal sites for muscle attachment 
E)  Improved electrochemical gradient maintenance

Question 11

All modern molluscs have retained the radula, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  chitons. 
B)  gastropods. 
C)  bivalves. 
D)  seaphopodia. 
E)  cephalopods. 
A)  chitons. 
B)  gastropods. 
C)  bivalves. 
D)  seaphopodia. 
E)  cephalopods.

Question 12

The class Arachnida includes spiders, scorpions, tick and mites, and their relatives. To what subphylum do arachnids belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chelicerata 
B)  Crustacea 
C)  Trilobita 
D)  Hexapoda 
E)  Uniramia 
A)  Chelicerata 
B)  Crustacea 
C)  Trilobita 
D)  Hexapoda 
E)  Uniramia

Question 13

Annelids in class Clitellata are characterised by

Accepted Answer

A)  body segmentation. 
B)  have a trochophore larva. 
C)  a clitellum. 
D)  chitinous bristles on parapodia. 
E)  copulation by hypodermic impregnation. 
A)  body segmentation. 
B)  have a trochophore larva. 
C)  a clitellum. 
D)  chitinous bristles on parapodia. 
E)  copulation by hypodermic impregnation.

Question 14

Metameric segmentation

Accepted Answer

A)  permits specialisation of some segments. 
B)  is easiest to see in arthropods. 
C)  produces adults with a variable number of segments. 
D)  occurred earliest in the platyhelminths. 
E)  forces animals to remain small. 
A)  permits specialisation of some segments. 
B)  is easiest to see in arthropods. 
C)  produces adults with a variable number of segments. 
D)  occurred earliest in the platyhelminths. 
E)  forces animals to remain small.

Question 15

Nematodes are classified separately from the coelomate groups because

Accepted Answer

A)  they lack a body cavity. 
B)  the body cavity forms within the mesoderm. 
C)  the body cavity forms between the endoderm and the mesoderm. 
D)  they have a collagenous cuticle. 
E)  of their extensive adoption of a parasitic habit. 
A)  they lack a body cavity. 
B)  the body cavity forms within the mesoderm. 
C)  the body cavity forms between the endoderm and the mesoderm. 
D)  they have a collagenous cuticle. 
E)  of their extensive adoption of a parasitic habit.

Question 16

The following is a description of an animal parasite. The parasite is an endoparasite, found in human lymph tissue, which can cause extensive swelling of limbs and genital organs. The animal described is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  Wucheria bancrofti. 
B)  Echinococcus granulosus. 
C)  Schistosoma japonicum. 
D)  Fasciola hepatica. 
E)  Taenia sp. 
A)  Wucheria bancrofti. 
B)  Echinococcus granulosus. 
C)  Schistosoma japonicum. 
D)  Fasciola hepatica. 
E)  Taenia sp.

Question 17

Which of the following classes of annelids have parapodia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oligochaeta 
B)  Polychaeta 
C)  Hirudinea 
D)  Clitellata 
E)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  Oligochaeta 
B)  Polychaeta 
C)  Hirudinea 
D)  Clitellata 
E)  All of the answers are correct

Question 18

Locomotion in nematodes is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic longitudinal muscles that work against each other producing a sideways undulation. 
B)  longitudinal muscles that increase the hydrostatic pressure in the pseudocoelom causing it to undulate. 
C)  a series of hairs that project backwards and engage the substrate allowing the animal to move forward only. 
D)  successive waves of body contraction that move along the length of the animal. 
E)  rapid expulsion of water through a muscular tube. 
A)  antagonistic longitudinal muscles that work against each other producing a sideways undulation. 
B)  longitudinal muscles that increase the hydrostatic pressure in the pseudocoelom causing it to undulate. 
C)  a series of hairs that project backwards and engage the substrate allowing the animal to move forward only. 
D)  successive waves of body contraction that move along the length of the animal. 
E)  rapid expulsion of water through a muscular tube.

Question 19

Studies using DNA sequences suggest that the three arthropod subphyla Chelicerata, Crustacea and Uniramia

Accepted Answer

A)  had three different evolutionary origins. 
B)  have probably evolved from a common ancestor. 
C)  evolved jointed appendages and exoskeletons independently. 
D)  have polyphyletic origin as chelicerates have spiral cleavage. 
E)  should actually be in different phyla. 
A)  had three different evolutionary origins. 
B)  have probably evolved from a common ancestor. 
C)  evolved jointed appendages and exoskeletons independently. 
D)  have polyphyletic origin as chelicerates have spiral cleavage. 
E)  should actually be in different phyla.

Question 20

The function of the clitellum in clitellate worms is to

Accepted Answer

A)  filter food from the surrounding water current. 
B)  protect the trochophore larva. 
C)  secrete a cocoon for the eggs. 
D)  function in respiration and locomotion. 
E)  hold the animal secure in its burrow. 
A)  filter food from the surrounding water current. 
B)  protect the trochophore larva. 
C)  secrete a cocoon for the eggs. 
D)  function in respiration and locomotion. 
E)  hold the animal secure in its burrow.

Exam 40: Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

The nematode nervous system consists of a ganglionated ring surrounding the

Which feature is NOT found in nematodes?

In arthropods, the haemocoel

What is the main disadvantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?

The arthropod blood vascular system is termed an open system because

A scientist is experimenting on a species of male crab by altering its usual levels of ecdysteroid hormones. What would be an obvious morphological response from this treatment?

In contrast to most polychaetea, oligochaetes

Hirudin is

Which of the following animals are segmented?

The arthropod exoskeleton has many advantages. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

All modern molluscs have retained the radula, EXCEPT

The class Arachnida includes spiders, scorpions, tick and mites, and their relatives. To what subphylum do arachnids belong?

Annelids in class Clitellata are characterised by

Metameric segmentation

Nematodes are classified separately from the coelomate groups because

The following is a description of an animal parasite. The parasite is an endoparasite, found in human lymph tissue, which can cause extensive swelling of limbs and genital organs. The animal described is most likely to be

Which of the following classes of annelids have parapodia?

Locomotion in nematodes is achieved by

Studies using DNA sequences suggest that the three arthropod subphyla Chelicerata, Crustacea and Uniramia

The function of the clitellum in clitellate worms is to

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