Question 1

Persistent inflammation and excessive mucus secretion is characteristic of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bronchitis 
B)  ​emphysema 
C)  ​asthma 
D)  ​fibrosis 
E)  ​influenza 
A)  ​bronchitis 
B)  ​emphysema 
C)  ​asthma 
D)  ​fibrosis 
E)  ​influenza

Question 2

Matching
-eicosanoids

Accepted Answer

A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions 
A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions

Question 3

A patient is admitted to the ER with multiple gunshot wounds. The initial treatment includes _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​beginning enteral nutrition 
B)  ​administering intravenous (IV) fluids 
C)  ​beginning PPN 
D)  ​referral to the dietitian 
E)  anti-inflammatory medications 
A)  ​beginning enteral nutrition 
B)  ​administering intravenous (IV) fluids 
C)  ​beginning PPN 
D)  ​referral to the dietitian 
E)  anti-inflammatory medications

Question 4

A frequent cause of death among older intensive care patients with multiple or severe injuries is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pulmonary edema 
B)  ​hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome 
C)  ​multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 
D)  ​stroke 
E)  ​neurological failure 
A)  ​pulmonary edema 
B)  ​hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome 
C)  ​multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 
D)  ​stroke 
E)  ​neurological failure

Question 5

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What kind of medications might be prescribed for Caroline? Why?

Accepted Answer

diuretics may be prescribed to mobilize

Question 7

Patients with burns and tissue injuries may require increased_____ due to tissue losses.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glucose 
B)  ​trace minerals 
C)  ​vitamin C 
D)  ​fats 
E)  ​proteins 
A)  ​glucose 
B)  ​trace minerals 
C)  ​vitamin C 
D)  ​fats 
E)  ​proteins

Question 8

Which symptom is not part of the systemic inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fever 
B)  ​elevated heart rate 
C)  ​increased respiratory rate 
D)  ​elevated white blood cell count 
E)  ​acidosis 
A)  ​fever 
B)  ​elevated heart rate 
C)  ​increased respiratory rate 
D)  ​elevated white blood cell count 
E)  ​acidosis

Question 9

Matching
-metabolic stress

Accepted Answer

A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation 
A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation

Question 10

Laura is an intensive care, non-obese, acute stress patient. She weighs 150 pounds. What are Laura's approximate maximum daily protein needs?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 to 40 grams 
B)  ​50 to 60 grams 
C)  ​70 to 80 grams 
D)  ​80 to 135 grams 
E)  ​150 to 200 grams 
A)  20 to 40 grams 
B)  ​50 to 60 grams 
C)  ​70 to 80 grams 
D)  ​80 to 135 grams 
E)  ​150 to 200 grams

Question 11

Smoking is the primary risk factor in most cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Why is Caroline likely to experience negative nitrogen balance despite being provided with adequate protein?

Accepted Answer

even with adequate protein, negative nit

Question 13

Matching
-wasting​

Accepted Answer

A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation 
A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation

Question 14

Describe the medications used to treat COPD and the possible metabolic side effects.

Accepted Answer

The most frequently prescribed medicatio

Question 15

To prevent hyperglycemia, parenteral feedings should supply no more than _____ milligrams of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​2 
B)  ​3 
C)  ​4 
D)  ​5 
E)  ​6 
A)  ​2 
B)  ​3 
C)  ​4 
D)  ​5 
E)  ​6

Question 16

Why are intestinal tube feedings preferred over gastric feedings for patients with acute respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

Patients with severe cases of respirator

Question 17

When pulmonary edema is present, a patient requires _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​tube feeding 
B)  ​fluid restriction 
C)  ​increased fluids 
D)  ​decreased protein 
E)  ​increased ventilation 
A)  ​tube feeding 
B)  ​fluid restriction 
C)  ​increased fluids 
D)  ​decreased protein 
E)  ​increased ventilation

Question 18

Clinical findings typical of patients undergoing metabolic stress include all of these factors except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​hypermetabolism 
C)  ​insulin resistance 
D)  ​positive nitrogen balance 
E)  ​protein loss 
A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​hypermetabolism 
C)  ​insulin resistance 
D)  ​positive nitrogen balance 
E)  ​protein loss

Question 19

During prolonged stress, cortisol causes all of these adverse effects except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​muscle wasting 
B)  ​bone loss 
C)  ​impaired wound healing 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​skin thinning 
A)  ​muscle wasting 
B)  ​bone loss 
C)  ​impaired wound healing 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​skin thinning

Question 20

Which chemical messengers are catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​acetylcholine 
B)  ​aldosterone and cortisol 
C)  ​cytokines and histamine 
D)  ​sodium and potassium 
E)  ​epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A)  ​acetylcholine 
B)  ​aldosterone and cortisol 
C)  ​cytokines and histamine 
D)  ​sodium and potassium 
E)  ​epinephrine and norepinephrine

Exam 24: Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Persistent inflammation and excessive mucus secretion is characteristic of _____.

Matching -eicosanoids

A patient is admitted to the ER with multiple gunshot wounds. The initial treatment includes _____.​

A frequent cause of death among older intensive care patients with multiple or severe injuries is _____.​

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.

What kind of medications might be prescribed for Caroline? Why?

Patients with burns and tissue injuries may require increased_____ due to tissue losses.

Which symptom is not part of the systemic inflammatory response?

Matching -metabolic stress

Laura is an intensive care, non-obese, acute stress patient. She weighs 150 pounds. What are Laura's approximate maximum daily protein needs?

Smoking is the primary risk factor in most cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Why is Caroline likely to experience negative nitrogen balance despite being provided with adequate protein?

Matching -wasting​

Describe the medications used to treat COPD and the possible metabolic side effects.

To prevent hyperglycemia, parenteral feedings should supply no more than _____ milligrams of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Why are intestinal tube feedings preferred over gastric feedings for patients with acute respiratory failure?

When pulmonary edema is present, a patient requires _____.

Clinical findings typical of patients undergoing metabolic stress include all of these factors except _____.

During prolonged stress, cortisol causes all of these adverse effects except _____.

Which chemical messengers are catecholamines?

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

A patient is admitted to the ER with multiple gunshot wounds. The initial treatment includes _____.

A frequent cause of death among older intensive care patients with multiple or severe injuries is _____.

Matching -wasting