Question 1

Respiratory distress is characterized by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​C-reactive peptide action 
B)  ​elevated cortisol 
C)  ​decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide 
D)  ​histamine secretion 
E)  ​elevated blood pressure 
A)  ​C-reactive peptide action 
B)  ​elevated cortisol 
C)  ​decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide 
D)  ​histamine secretion 
E)  ​elevated blood pressure C

Question 2

Which action is not attributed to cortisol?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​muscle degradation 
B)  ​raising blood levels of amino acids 
C)  ​raising blood levels of glucose 
D)  ​breakdown of triglycerides 
E)  ​decreased urine output 
A)  ​muscle degradation 
B)  ​raising blood levels of amino acids 
C)  ​raising blood levels of glucose 
D)  ​breakdown of triglycerides 
E)  ​decreased urine output E

Question 3

Mr. Morgan is an acutely stressed patient in intensive care who is on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Monitoring Mr. Morgan's blood _____ levels can help to ensure that excessive amounts of nutrients are not given intravenously.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glucose 
B)  ​cholesterol 
C)  ​trace mineral 
D)  ​albumin 
E)  ​uric acid 
A)  ​glucose 
B)  ​cholesterol 
C)  ​trace mineral 
D)  ​albumin 
E)  ​uric acid C

Question 4

Which amino acid may improve infection, muscle mass, and mortality rates in critically ill patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​leucine 
B)  ​glutamine 
C)  ​valine 
D)  ​isoleucine 
E)  ​glycine 
A)  ​leucine 
B)  ​glutamine 
C)  ​valine 
D)  ​isoleucine 
E)  ​glycine

Question 5

One of the initial concerns for patients hospitalized with acute stress is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​maintain immune function 
B)  ​achieve positive nitrogen balance 
C)  ​minimize nutrient losses 
D)  ​restore lost fluids and electrolytes 
E)  ​increase insulin levels 
A)  ​maintain immune function 
B)  ​achieve positive nitrogen balance 
C)  ​minimize nutrient losses 
D)  ​restore lost fluids and electrolytes 
E)  ​increase insulin levels

Question 6

What type of enteral formula is best for Caroline at this time?

Accepted Answer

Patients with acute lung injuries or ARD

Question 7

Overfeeding an acutely stressed patient can lead to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fever 
B)  ​mechanical ventilation 
C)  ​abscesses 
D)  ​inactivity 
E)  ​refeeding syndrome 
A)  ​fever 
B)  ​mechanical ventilation 
C)  ​abscesses 
D)  ​inactivity 
E)  ​refeeding syndrome

Question 8

Metabolic stress can result from uncontrolled infection or extensive tissue injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The main goal of nutrition therapy for COPD is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​decrease blood glucose 
B)  ​increase lipid levels 
C)  ​decrease mucus production 
D)  ​prevent muscle wasting 
E)  ​promote gas exchange 
A)  ​decrease blood glucose 
B)  ​increase lipid levels 
C)  ​decrease mucus production 
D)  ​prevent muscle wasting 
E)  ​promote gas exchange

Question 10

Describe the causes of the four classic signs of inflammation.

Accepted Answer

classic signs of inflammation that accom

Question 11

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

All of these factors are classic signs of inflammation except _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​swelling 
C)  ​redness 
D)  ​heat 
E)  ​pain 
A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​swelling 
C)  ​redness 
D)  ​heat 
E)  ​pain

Question 13

Matching
-hypermetabolism

Accepted Answer

A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation 
A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation

Question 14

Matching
-SIRS

Accepted Answer

A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation 
A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation

Question 15

Which amino acid may have beneficial effects on infection rates and wound healing in postoperative patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glutamine 
B)  ​tyrosine 
C)  ​arginine 
D)  ​phenylalanine 
E)  ​glycine 
A)  ​glutamine 
B)  ​tyrosine 
C)  ​arginine 
D)  ​phenylalanine 
E)  ​glycine

Question 16

Matching
-acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation 
A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation

Question 17

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​decreasing carbon dioxide output 
B)  ​preventing the secretion of overly thick mucus 
C)  ​aiding in weight loss 
D)  ​improving oxygen consumption 
E)  ​improving ventilation 
A)  ​decreasing carbon dioxide output 
B)  ​preventing the secretion of overly thick mucus 
C)  ​aiding in weight loss 
D)  ​improving oxygen consumption 
E)  ​improving ventilation

Question 18

The two main types of COPD are chronic bronchitis and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pneumonia 
B)  ​emphysema 
C)  ​asthma 
D)  ​fibrosis 
E)  ​influenza 
A)  ​pneumonia 
B)  ​emphysema 
C)  ​asthma 
D)  ​fibrosis 
E)  ​influenza

Question 19

Most critical care patients require between _____ kcalories per kg per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​5-10 
B)  ​10-15 
C)  ​15-20 
D)  ​25-30 
E)  ​35-40 
A)  ​5-10 
B)  ​10-15 
C)  ​15-20 
D)  ​25-30 
E)  ​35-40

Question 20

Matching
-acute-phase response

Accepted Answer

A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions 
A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions

Exam 24: Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Respiratory distress is characterized by _____.

Which action is not attributed to cortisol?

Mr. Morgan is an acutely stressed patient in intensive care who is on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Monitoring Mr. Morgan's blood _____ levels can help to ensure that excessive amounts of nutrients are not given intravenously.​

Which amino acid may improve infection, muscle mass, and mortality rates in critically ill patients?

One of the initial concerns for patients hospitalized with acute stress is to _____.

What type of enteral formula is best for Caroline at this time?

Overfeeding an acutely stressed patient can lead to _____.

Metabolic stress can result from uncontrolled infection or extensive tissue injury.

The main goal of nutrition therapy for COPD is to _____.

Describe the causes of the four classic signs of inflammation.

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

All of these factors are classic signs of inflammation except _____.​

Matching -hypermetabolism

Matching -SIRS

Which amino acid may have beneficial effects on infection rates and wound healing in postoperative patients?

Matching -acidosis

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.

The two main types of COPD are chronic bronchitis and _____.

Most critical care patients require between _____ kcalories per kg per day.

Matching -acute-phase response

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

Mr. Morgan is an acutely stressed patient in intensive care who is on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Monitoring Mr. Morgan's blood _____ levels can help to ensure that excessive amounts of nutrients are not given intravenously.

All of these factors are classic signs of inflammation except _____.