Question 1

Describe how drug therapy is used to control some of the complications of chronic kidney disease.

Accepted Answer

Medications help to control some of the complications associated with chronic kidney disease. Treatment of hypertension is critical for preventing disease progression and reducing cardiovascular disease risk; thus, antihypertensive drugs are often prescribed. Some antihypertensive drugs (such as ACE inhibitors) can reduce proteinuria, helping to prevent additional kidney damage. Anemia is usually treated by injection or intravenous administration of erythropoietin. Other drug treatments may include phosphate binders (taken with food) to reduce serum phosphate levels, sodium bicarbonate to reverse acidosis, and cholesterol-lowering medications.​

Question 2

For most kidney transplant patients, dietary adjustments are required as a result of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​kidney dysfunction 
B)  ​metabolic changes 
C)  ​hypertension issues 
D)  ​healing issues 
E)  ​the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs 
A)  ​kidney dysfunction 
B)  ​metabolic changes 
C)  ​hypertension issues 
D)  ​healing issues 
E)  ​the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs E

Question 3

Compared to a hemodialysis patient, a peritoneal dialysis patient is allowed a more liberal intake of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​kcalories 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​calcium 
E)  ​protein 
A)  ​kcalories 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​calcium 
E)  ​protein C

Question 4

The treatment of _____ is critical for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​gout 
C)  ​hypertension 
D)  ​depression 
E)  ​uremia 
A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​gout 
C)  ​hypertension 
D)  ​depression 
E)  ​uremia

Question 5

Mrs. Clark weighs 59 kilograms, is in an early stage of chronic kidney disease, and is not yet on dialysis. How much protein should her daily diet include?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​24 - 30 grams 
B)  ​35 - 44 grams 
C)  ​47 - 71 grams 
D)  ​59 - 66 grams 
E)  ​75-100 grams 
A)  ​24 - 30 grams 
B)  ​35 - 44 grams 
C)  ​47 - 71 grams 
D)  ​59 - 66 grams 
E)  ​75-100 grams

Question 6

Patients on a renal diet may want to increase intake of _____ to increase the energy content of meals.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​margarine 
B)  ​fresh vegetables 
C)  ​whole milk 
D)  ​chocolate candy bars 
E)  ​dairy whipped toppings 
A)  ​margarine 
B)  ​fresh vegetables 
C)  ​whole milk 
D)  ​chocolate candy bars 
E)  ​dairy whipped toppings

Question 7

Which medications are used to prevent or treat calcium oxalate stones?

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics to reduce u

Question 8

Matching
-acute kidney injury

Accepted Answer

A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels 
A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels

Question 9

Weight gain can become a problem when peritoneal dialysis continues for an extended period of time. This is likely due to _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the kcalories contributed by the dialysate 
B)  ​a less restrictive diet 
C)  food cravings experienced by the patient​ 
D)  ​the body's adaptation to dialysis 
E)  ​side-effects of dialysis medications 
A)  ​the kcalories contributed by the dialysate 
B)  ​a less restrictive diet 
C)  food cravings experienced by the patient​ 
D)  ​the body's adaptation to dialysis 
E)  ​side-effects of dialysis medications

Question 10

Plant sources of protein are recommended for patients with kidney disease because they _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​contain essential amino acids 
B)  ​are easy to digest 
C)  ​contain more kcalorie per gram 
D)  ​are high in phosphorus 
E)  ​place less demand on the kidneys 
A)  ​contain essential amino acids 
B)  ​are easy to digest 
C)  ​contain more kcalorie per gram 
D)  ​are high in phosphorus 
E)  ​place less demand on the kidneys

Question 11

One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​growth failure 
B)  ​poor appetite 
C)  ​rickets 
D)  ​type 1 diabetes 
E)  ​acromegaly 
A)  ​growth failure 
B)  ​poor appetite 
C)  ​rickets 
D)  ​type 1 diabetes 
E)  ​acromegaly

Question 12

Matching
-filtrate

Accepted Answer

A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function 
A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function

Question 13

Foods high in oxalate include _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​spinach 
B)  ​milk 
C)  ​bread 
D)  ​apples 
E)  ​red meat 
A)  ​spinach 
B)  ​milk 
C)  ​bread 
D)  ​apples 
E)  ​red meat

Question 14

The consequences of acute kidney injury include _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​decreased BUN levels 
B)  ​increased serum creatine levels 
C)  ​azotemia, but not uremia 
D)  ​increased parathyroid hormone secretion 
E)  elevated sodium levels, which can lead to heart failure.​ 
A)  ​decreased BUN levels 
B)  ​increased serum creatine levels 
C)  ​azotemia, but not uremia 
D)  ​increased parathyroid hormone secretion 
E)  elevated sodium levels, which can lead to heart failure.​

Question 15

In acute kidney injury, fluid needs are determined by measuring urine output and adding _____ milliliters to account for fluid losses from skin, lungs, and perspiration.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​200 to 300 
B)  ​300 to 400 
C)  ​400 to 500 
D)  ​700 to 800 
E)  ​1,000 to 1,100 
A)  ​200 to 300 
B)  ​300 to 400 
C)  ​400 to 500 
D)  ​700 to 800 
E)  ​1,000 to 1,100

Question 16

Nephrotic syndrome is a result of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​damage to the glomeruli. 
B)  ​damage to the tubules. 
C)  ​excessive protein intake. 
D)  ​excessive fat intake. 
E)  ​hypotension. 
A)  ​damage to the glomeruli. 
B)  ​damage to the tubules. 
C)  ​excessive protein intake. 
D)  ​excessive fat intake. 
E)  ​hypotension.

Question 17

Matching
-cystinuria

Accepted Answer

A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function 
A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function

Question 18

Which food is high in phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cornmeal 
B)  ​oatmeal 
C)  ​carrots 
D)  ​broccoli 
E)  ​oranges 
A)  ​cornmeal 
B)  ​oatmeal 
C)  ​carrots 
D)  ​broccoli 
E)  ​oranges

Question 19

Calcium oxalate stones usually result from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hypercalciuria 
B)  ​hyperkalemia 
C)  ​hyperphosphatemia 
D)  ​hypercholesterolemia 
E)  ​hypocalciuria 
A)  ​hypercalciuria 
B)  ​hyperkalemia 
C)  ​hyperphosphatemia 
D)  ​hypercholesterolemia 
E)  ​hypocalciuria

Question 20

Mr. Wilson's laboratory reports indicate hyperkalemia; therefore, his intake of _____ should be restricted.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​protein 
B)  ​sodium 
C)  ​phosphorus 
D)  ​potassium 
E)  ​water 
A)  ​protein 
B)  ​sodium 
C)  ​phosphorus 
D)  ​potassium 
E)  ​water

Exam 23: Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Describe how drug therapy is used to control some of the complications of chronic kidney disease.

For most kidney transplant patients, dietary adjustments are required as a result of _____.

Compared to a hemodialysis patient, a peritoneal dialysis patient is allowed a more liberal intake of _____.

The treatment of _____ is critical for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.​

Mrs. Clark weighs 59 kilograms, is in an early stage of chronic kidney disease, and is not yet on dialysis. How much protein should her daily diet include?​

Patients on a renal diet may want to increase intake of _____ to increase the energy content of meals.

Which medications are used to prevent or treat calcium oxalate stones?

Matching -acute kidney injury

Weight gain can become a problem when peritoneal dialysis continues for an extended period of time. This is likely due to _____.​

Plant sources of protein are recommended for patients with kidney disease because they _____.

One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.​

Matching -filtrate

Foods high in oxalate include _____.

The consequences of acute kidney injury include _____.

In acute kidney injury, fluid needs are determined by measuring urine output and adding _____ milliliters to account for fluid losses from skin, lungs, and perspiration.​

Nephrotic syndrome is a result of _____.​

Matching -cystinuria

Which food is high in phosphorus?

Calcium oxalate stones usually result from _____.

Mr. Wilson's laboratory reports indicate hyperkalemia; therefore, his intake of _____ should be restricted.​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

The treatment of _____ is critical for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Mrs. Clark weighs 59 kilograms, is in an early stage of chronic kidney disease, and is not yet on dialysis. How much protein should her daily diet include?

Weight gain can become a problem when peritoneal dialysis continues for an extended period of time. This is likely due to _____.

One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.

In acute kidney injury, fluid needs are determined by measuring urine output and adding _____ milliliters to account for fluid losses from skin, lungs, and perspiration.

Nephrotic syndrome is a result of _____.

Mr. Wilson's laboratory reports indicate hyperkalemia; therefore, his intake of _____ should be restricted.