Question 1

Matching
-gout

Accepted Answer

A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function 
A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function

Question 2

Describe the medical nutrition therapy for calcium oxalate stones.

Accepted Answer

Limit foods high in oxalate. C

Question 3

A patient with acute kidney injury has a urine output of 500 milliliters per day. The nurse determines his daily fluid needs to be about _____ milliliters.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​500 
B)  ​800 
C)  ​900 
D)  ​1200 
E)  ​1500 
A)  ​500 
B)  ​800 
C)  ​900 
D)  ​1200 
E)  ​1500

Question 4

All of these side effects are characteristic of immunosuppressive drug therapy except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glucose intolerance 
B)  ​fluid retention 
C)  ​malabsorption of nutrients 
D)  ​foodborne infection 
E)  ​altered blood lipids 
A)  ​glucose intolerance 
B)  ​fluid retention 
C)  ​malabsorption of nutrients 
D)  ​foodborne infection 
E)  ​altered blood lipids

Question 5

Secondary complications of chronic kidney disease include _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​type 1 diabetes 
B)  ​bone disease 
C)  ​stroke 
D)  ​hypotension 
E)  ​type 2 diabetes 
A)  ​type 1 diabetes 
B)  ​bone disease 
C)  ​stroke 
D)  ​hypotension 
E)  ​type 2 diabetes

Question 6

During dialysis, _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the chemical composition of the dialysate does not affect the movement of solutes across the semipermeable membrane 
B)  ​bicarbonates are added to a dialysate for a person with acidosis 
C)  ​a substance will diffuse out of the blood when its concentration is higher in the dialysate than in the blood 
D)  ​the dialysate contains no urea or potassium 
E)  ​osmosis alone is an efficient process for removing fluids 
A)  ​the chemical composition of the dialysate does not affect the movement of solutes across the semipermeable membrane 
B)  ​bicarbonates are added to a dialysate for a person with acidosis 
C)  ​a substance will diffuse out of the blood when its concentration is higher in the dialysate than in the blood 
D)  ​the dialysate contains no urea or potassium 
E)  ​osmosis alone is an efficient process for removing fluids

Question 7

Following acute kidney injury, protein is usually restricted to about _____ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for those patients who are not on dialysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​0.2-0.5 
B)  ​0.4-0.8 
C)  ​0.8-1.0 
D)  ​1.0-1.5 
E)  ​1.5-1.8 
A)  ​0.2-0.5 
B)  ​0.4-0.8 
C)  ​0.8-1.0 
D)  ​1.0-1.5 
E)  ​1.5-1.8

Question 8

Why is appropriate kcalorie intake important in the nutrition care of patients with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Patients with chronic kidney disease sho

Question 9

In patients with chronic kidney disease, acidosis can worsen _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​blood pressure 
B)  ​malnutrition 
C)  ​renal osteodystrophy 
D)  ​GFR 
E)  ​urine output 
A)  ​blood pressure 
B)  ​malnutrition 
C)  ​renal osteodystrophy 
D)  ​GFR 
E)  ​urine output

Question 10

All of these clinical symptoms are characteristic of uremic syndrome except _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​decreased erythropoietin production 
C)  ​heart muscle enlargement 
D)  ​hypokalemia 
E)  ​muscle cramping 
A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​decreased erythropoietin production 
C)  ​heart muscle enlargement 
D)  ​hypokalemia 
E)  ​muscle cramping

Question 11

Predialysis chronic kidney disease patients have higher protein needs than those on hemodialysis.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Mr. Wilson's energy needs should be estimated using the guideline of _____ kcal/kg per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​20 
B)  ​20. 
C)  ​35 
D)  ​40 
E)  ​45 
A)  ​20 
B)  ​20. 
C)  ​35 
D)  ​40 
E)  ​45

Question 13

People with chronic kidney disease frequently develop vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to all of these reasons except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​restrictive diets 
B)  ​loss of vitamins during dialysis 
C)  ​steatorrhea 
D)  ​altered metabolism 
E)  ​blood loss associated with dialysis 
A)  ​restrictive diets 
B)  ​loss of vitamins during dialysis 
C)  ​steatorrhea 
D)  ​altered metabolism 
E)  ​blood loss associated with dialysis

Question 14

Individuals with impaired kidney function due to acute kidney injury may show accumulation of _____ in the blood.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​ammonia 
B)  iron​ 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​urea 
E)  proteins​ 
A)  ​ammonia 
B)  iron​ 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​urea 
E)  proteins​

Question 15

Compared to standard formulas, enteral formulas suitable for chronic kidney disease _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​are more calorically dense 
B)  ​are higher in protein 
C)  ​are higher in electrolytes 
D)  ​contain more water 
E)  ​are less sterile 
A)  ​are more calorically dense 
B)  ​are higher in protein 
C)  ​are higher in electrolytes 
D)  ​contain more water 
E)  ​are less sterile

Question 16

Protein intake for Mr. Wilson should be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​restricted due to the lack of renal function 
B)  ​increased due to PEM 
C)  ​limited to plant protein foods 
D)  ​limited to animal protein foods 
E)  ​similar to the general population 
A)  ​restricted due to the lack of renal function 
B)  ​increased due to PEM 
C)  ​limited to plant protein foods 
D)  ​limited to animal protein foods 
E)  ​similar to the general population

Question 17

Matching
-hyperoxaluria

Accepted Answer

A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels 
A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels

Question 18

Matching
-erythropoietin

Accepted Answer

A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function 
A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function

Question 19

Anorexia associated with chronic kidney disease may be caused by all of these factors except _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hormonal disturbances 
B)  ​hypertension 
C)  ​restrictive diets 
D)  ​uremia 
E)  depression​ 
A)  ​hormonal disturbances 
B)  ​hypertension 
C)  ​restrictive diets 
D)  ​uremia 
E)  depression​

Question 20

The primary goal(s) of medical nutrition therapy for Mr. Wilson at this time should be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lowering his blood cholesterol level 
B)  ​preventing PEM and weight loss 
C)  ​treating him for iron-deficiency anemia 
D)  ​preventing osteoporosis 
E)  ​preventing kidney stones 
A)  ​lowering his blood cholesterol level 
B)  ​preventing PEM and weight loss 
C)  ​treating him for iron-deficiency anemia 
D)  ​preventing osteoporosis 
E)  ​preventing kidney stones

Exam 23: Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Matching -gout

Describe the medical nutrition therapy for calcium oxalate stones.

A patient with acute kidney injury has a urine output of 500 milliliters per day. The nurse determines his daily fluid needs to be about _____ milliliters.

All of these side effects are characteristic of immunosuppressive drug therapy except _____.

Secondary complications of chronic kidney disease include _____.​

During dialysis, _____.​

Following acute kidney injury, protein is usually restricted to about _____ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for those patients who are not on dialysis.

Why is appropriate kcalorie intake important in the nutrition care of patients with chronic kidney disease?

In patients with chronic kidney disease, acidosis can worsen _____.

All of these clinical symptoms are characteristic of uremic syndrome except _____.​

Predialysis chronic kidney disease patients have higher protein needs than those on hemodialysis.​

Mr. Wilson's energy needs should be estimated using the guideline of _____ kcal/kg per day.

People with chronic kidney disease frequently develop vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to all of these reasons except _____.

Individuals with impaired kidney function due to acute kidney injury may show accumulation of _____ in the blood.​

Compared to standard formulas, enteral formulas suitable for chronic kidney disease _____.

Protein intake for Mr. Wilson should be _____.

Matching -hyperoxaluria

Matching -erythropoietin

Anorexia associated with chronic kidney disease may be caused by all of these factors except _____.​

The primary goal(s) of medical nutrition therapy for Mr. Wilson at this time should be _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

Secondary complications of chronic kidney disease include _____.

During dialysis, _____.

All of these clinical symptoms are characteristic of uremic syndrome except _____.

Predialysis chronic kidney disease patients have higher protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

Individuals with impaired kidney function due to acute kidney injury may show accumulation of _____ in the blood.

Anorexia associated with chronic kidney disease may be caused by all of these factors except _____.