Question 1

The liver ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​reabsorbs water and salts 
B)  ​secretes bile 
C)  ​churns food to chyme 
D)  ​performs enzymatic digestion 
E)  ​shunts bloods away from the stomach during digestion 
A)  ​reabsorbs water and salts 
B)  ​secretes bile 
C)  ​churns food to chyme 
D)  ​performs enzymatic digestion 
E)  ​shunts bloods away from the stomach during digestion B

Question 2

Chyme is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​semiliquid mass of partially digested food 
B)  ​portion of food swallowed at one time 
C)  ​enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein 
D)  ​esophageal secretion 
E)  ​digesting liquid, similar to pepsin 
A)  ​semiliquid mass of partially digested food 
B)  ​portion of food swallowed at one time 
C)  ​enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein 
D)  ​esophageal secretion 
E)  ​digesting liquid, similar to pepsin A

Question 3

Matching
-large intestine

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. O

Question 4

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​carbohydrase 
B)  ​lipase 
C)  ​salivary amylase 
D)  ​gastric protease 
E)  ​salivary chymylase 
A)  ​carbohydrase 
B)  ​lipase 
C)  ​salivary amylase 
D)  ​gastric protease 
E)  ​salivary chymylase

Question 5

The main function of bile is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​emulsify fats 
B)  ​stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes 
C)  ​neutralize the intestinal contents 
D)  ​decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach 
E)  ​increase the acidity of the contents of the stomach 
A)  ​emulsify fats 
B)  ​stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes 
C)  ​neutralize the intestinal contents 
D)  ​decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach 
E)  ​increase the acidity of the contents of the stomach

Question 6

In the GI tract, bacteria produce ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​amylase 
B)  ​pepsin 
C)  ​mucus 
D)  ​vitamin K 
E)  ​bile 
A)  ​amylase 
B)  ​pepsin 
C)  ​mucus 
D)  ​vitamin K 
E)  ​bile

Question 7

Which food would be digested the slowest?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a piece of toast with strawberry jam 
B)  ​a grilled steak 
C)  ​a green salad with low-fat salad dressing 
D)  ​a cup of green beans 
E)  ​a cup of yams 
A)  ​a piece of toast with strawberry jam 
B)  ​a grilled steak 
C)  ​a green salad with low-fat salad dressing 
D)  ​a cup of green beans 
E)  ​a cup of yams

Question 8

Segmentation propels or pushes food through the GI tract, while peristalsis mixes the food, with a more gradual pushing motion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which nutrient(s) is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fat-soluble vitamins 
B)  ​water 
C)  ​amino acids 
D)  ​glucose 
E)  ​glucosamine 
A)  ​fat-soluble vitamins 
B)  ​water 
C)  ​amino acids 
D)  ​glucose 
E)  ​glucosamine

Question 10

Matching
-appendix

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 11

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​segmentation 
B)  ​rotation 
C)  ​peristalsis 
D)  ​liquefaction 
E)  ​digestion 
A)  ​segmentation 
B)  ​rotation 
C)  ​peristalsis 
D)  ​liquefaction 
E)  ​digestion

Question 12

A bolus is a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine 
B)  ​portion of food swallowed at one time 
C)  ​enzyme that hydrolyzes starch 
D)  ​portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum 
E)  ​small, indigestible portion of food that can get stuck in the large intestine 
A)  ​sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine 
B)  ​portion of food swallowed at one time 
C)  ​enzyme that hydrolyzes starch 
D)  ​portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum 
E)  ​small, indigestible portion of food that can get stuck in the large intestine

Question 13

A component of pancreatic juice which functions to neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bile 
B)  ​a bolus 
C)  ​an emulsifier 
D)  ​intestinal flora 
E)  ​bicarbonate 
A)  ​bile 
B)  ​a bolus 
C)  ​an emulsifier 
D)  ​intestinal flora 
E)  ​bicarbonate

Question 14

If the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestion of ____ can become compromised.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fat 
B)  ​protein 
C)  ​carbohydrate 
D)  ​fiber 
E)  ​minerals 
A)  ​fat 
B)  ​protein 
C)  ​carbohydrate 
D)  ​fiber 
E)  ​minerals

Question 15

A nutrient or other substance must pass through the cells of the digestive tract wall before it actually enters the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which organ is the primary source of digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pancreas 
B)  ​gallbladder 
C)  ​small intestine 
D)  ​liver 
E)  ​spleen 
A)  ​pancreas 
B)  ​gallbladder 
C)  ​small intestine 
D)  ​liver 
E)  ​spleen

Question 17

To prevent bacterial growth, cooked foods should be kept at ____° F or higher until served.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​40 
B)  ​140 
C)  ​165 
D)  ​200 
E)  ​100 
A)  ​40 
B)  ​140 
C)  ​165 
D)  ​200 
E)  ​100

Question 18

Matching
-ileum

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 19

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pancreas 
B)  ​pyloric sphincter 
C)  ​ileocecal valve 
D)  ​duodenum 
E)  ​epiglottis 
A)  ​pancreas 
B)  ​pyloric sphincter 
C)  ​ileocecal valve 
D)  ​duodenum 
E)  ​epiglottis

Question 20

The stomach empties into the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​ileum 
B)  ​cecum 
C)  ​jejunum 
D)  ​duodenum 
E)  ​gallbladder 
A)  ​ileum 
B)  ​cecum 
C)  ​jejunum 
D)  ​duodenum 
E)  ​gallbladder

Exam 5: Digestion and Absorption

The liver ____.

Chyme is a(n) ____.

Matching -large intestine

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

The main function of bile is to ____.

In the GI tract, bacteria produce ____.

Which food would be digested the slowest?

Segmentation propels or pushes food through the GI tract, while peristalsis mixes the food, with a more gradual pushing motion.

Which nutrient(s) is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system?

Matching -appendix

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called ____.

A bolus is a(n) ____.

A component of pancreatic juice which functions to neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine is called ____.

If the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestion of ____ can become compromised.

A nutrient or other substance must pass through the cells of the digestive tract wall before it actually enters the body.

Which organ is the primary source of digestive enzymes?

To prevent bacterial growth, cooked foods should be kept at ____° F or higher until served.

Matching -ileum

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the ____.

The stomach empties into the ____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

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