Question 1

Matching
-prediabetes

Accepted Answer

A) a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disordered insulin metabolism 
B) elevated blood glucose concentrations 
C) the condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes 
D) a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis 
E) the presence of albumin in the urine; a sign of diabetic nephropathy
F)a coma that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes; may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or severe hypoglycemia
G)extreme hyperglycemia that is associated with hyperosmolar blood, dehydration, and altered mental status
H)abnormally low concentrations of blood glucose
I)delayed stomach emptying
J)pain in the legs while walking; usually due to an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles 
A) a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disordered insulin metabolism 
B) elevated blood glucose concentrations 
C) the condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes 
D) a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis 
E) the presence of albumin in the urine; a sign of diabetic nephropathy
F)a coma that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes; may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or severe hypoglycemia
G)extreme hyperglycemia that is associated with hyperosmolar blood, dehydration, and altered mental status
H)abnormally low concentrations of blood glucose
I)delayed stomach emptying
J)pain in the legs while walking; usually due to an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles C

Question 2

Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​elevated blood glucose 
B)  ​low hemoglobin 
C)  ​dumping syndrome 
D)  ​lactose intolerance 
E)  ​low insulin levels 
A)  ​elevated blood glucose 
B)  ​low hemoglobin 
C)  ​dumping syndrome 
D)  ​lactose intolerance 
E)  ​low insulin levels A

Question 3

Though the exact cause of metabolic syndrome is unknown, it is believed to be associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​poverty 
B)  ​obesity 
C)  ​hypoglycemia 
D)  ​liver disease 
E)  ​smoking 
A)  ​poverty 
B)  ​obesity 
C)  ​hypoglycemia 
D)  ​liver disease 
E)  ​smoking B

Question 4

A major cause of death in people with diabetes is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​neuropathy 
B)  ​cardiovascular disease 
C)  ​infections 
D)  ​gangrene 
E)  ​claudication 
A)  ​neuropathy 
B)  ​cardiovascular disease 
C)  ​infections 
D)  ​gangrene 
E)  ​claudication

Question 5

A disadvantage of intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a greater risk of severe hypoglycemia 
B)  ​greater expense due to lack of insurance reimbursement 
C)  ​fewer incidences of severe hypoglycemia 
D)  ​more rapid progression of chronic complications 
E)  ​lack of glycemic control 
A)  ​a greater risk of severe hypoglycemia 
B)  ​greater expense due to lack of insurance reimbursement 
C)  ​fewer incidences of severe hypoglycemia 
D)  ​more rapid progression of chronic complications 
E)  ​lack of glycemic control

Question 6

The treatment of type 2 diabetes stresses _____ because of its beneficial effects on improving blood glucose control and blood lipids, and reducing blood pressure.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​physical activity 
B)  ​a low-fat diet 
C)  ​sulfonylureas 
D)  ​a sodium-controlled diet 
E)  ​dopamine agonists 
A)  ​physical activity 
B)  ​a low-fat diet 
C)  ​sulfonylureas 
D)  ​a sodium-controlled diet 
E)  ​dopamine agonists

Question 7

What are the recommendations for carbohydrate intake for diabetics?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Low-carbohydrate diets are recommended. 
B)  ​All concentrated sweets should be avoided. 
C)  ​High-fiber, minimally processed carbohydrates should be emphasized. 
D)  ​Simple carbohydrates should be emphasized. 
E)  ​Glucose should be avoided. 
A)  ​Low-carbohydrate diets are recommended. 
B)  ​All concentrated sweets should be avoided. 
C)  ​High-fiber, minimally processed carbohydrates should be emphasized. 
D)  ​Simple carbohydrates should be emphasized. 
E)  ​Glucose should be avoided.

Question 8

A benefit to using the basic carbohydrate counting method is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​it is easier to learn than the advanced carbohydrate counting method 
B)  ​all portion sizes are the same for various foods 
C)  ​patients can consume unlimited amounts of carbohydrates 
D)  ​fiber content of the food does not need to be accounted for in the calculation 
E)  ​consistent carbohydrate intake is not required 
A)  ​it is easier to learn than the advanced carbohydrate counting method 
B)  ​all portion sizes are the same for various foods 
C)  ​patients can consume unlimited amounts of carbohydrates 
D)  ​fiber content of the food does not need to be accounted for in the calculation 
E)  ​consistent carbohydrate intake is not required

Question 9

Which insulin preparation has the longest duration of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lispro 
B)  ​regular 
C)  ​NPH 
D)  ​glargine 
E)  ​aspart 
A)  ​lispro 
B)  ​regular 
C)  ​NPH 
D)  ​glargine 
E)  ​aspart

Question 10

Which symptoms are associated with the acute complications of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hyperglycemia, vomiting, dehydration 
B)  ​vomiting, polyuria, infections of the urinary tract 
C)  ​hyperglycemia, dehydration, polyuria 
D)  ​dehydration, polyuria, lack of thirst 
E)  vomiting, polyuria, infections of the urinary tract​ 
A)  ​hyperglycemia, vomiting, dehydration 
B)  ​vomiting, polyuria, infections of the urinary tract 
C)  ​hyperglycemia, dehydration, polyuria 
D)  ​dehydration, polyuria, lack of thirst 
E)  vomiting, polyuria, infections of the urinary tract​

Question 11

Matching
-gastroparesis

Accepted Answer

A) a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disordered insulin metabolism 
B) elevated blood glucose concentrations 
C) the condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes 
D) a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis 
E) the presence of albumin in the urine; a sign of diabetic nephropathy
F)a coma that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes; may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or severe hypoglycemia
G)extreme hyperglycemia that is associated with hyperosmolar blood, dehydration, and altered mental status
H)abnormally low concentrations of blood glucose
I)delayed stomach emptying
J)pain in the legs while walking; usually due to an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles 
A) a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disordered insulin metabolism 
B) elevated blood glucose concentrations 
C) the condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes 
D) a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis 
E) the presence of albumin in the urine; a sign of diabetic nephropathy
F)a coma that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes; may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or severe hypoglycemia
G)extreme hyperglycemia that is associated with hyperosmolar blood, dehydration, and altered mental status
H)abnormally low concentrations of blood glucose
I)delayed stomach emptying
J)pain in the legs while walking; usually due to an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles

Question 12

Type 2 diabetics who develop a serious illness or infection that worsens elevated glucose concentrations are prone to developing _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​heart disease 
B)  ​weight loss 
C)  ​systemic inflammatory response syndrome 
D)  ​hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome 
E)  ​significant ketosiss 
A)  ​heart disease 
B)  ​weight loss 
C)  ​systemic inflammatory response syndrome 
D)  ​hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome 
E)  ​significant ketosiss

Question 13

Describe hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome of type 2 diabetes.​

Accepted Answer

The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

Question 14

Matching
-abuminuria

Accepted Answer

A) a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disordered insulin metabolism 
B) elevated blood glucose concentrations 
C) the condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes 
D) a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis 
E) the presence of albumin in the urine; a sign of diabetic nephropathy
F)a coma that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes; may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or severe hypoglycemia
G)extreme hyperglycemia that is associated with hyperosmolar blood, dehydration, and altered mental status
H)abnormally low concentrations of blood glucose
I)delayed stomach emptying
J)pain in the legs while walking; usually due to an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles 
A) a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and disordered insulin metabolism 
B) elevated blood glucose concentrations 
C) the condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes 
D) a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis 
E) the presence of albumin in the urine; a sign of diabetic nephropathy
F)a coma that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes; may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or severe hypoglycemia
G)extreme hyperglycemia that is associated with hyperosmolar blood, dehydration, and altered mental status
H)abnormally low concentrations of blood glucose
I)delayed stomach emptying
J)pain in the legs while walking; usually due to an inadequate supply of blood to the muscles

Question 15

If a person does not produce sufficient insulin, he is prone to have _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​poor appetite 
C)  ​low albumin levels 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​hypertension 
A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​poor appetite 
C)  ​low albumin levels 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​hypertension

Question 16

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by all of the following except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​severe ketosis 
B)  ​blood glucose >250 mg/dL 
C)  ​acidosis 
D)  ​blood cholesterol >250 mg/dL 
E)  ​dehydration 
A)  ​severe ketosis 
B)  ​blood glucose >250 mg/dL 
C)  ​acidosis 
D)  ​blood cholesterol >250 mg/dL 
E)  ​dehydration

Question 17

Good glycemic control requires _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​eating small amounts of food 
B)  ​restricting carbohydrate in the diet 
C)  ​self-monitoring of blood glucose 
D)  ​frequent visits to the doctor 
E)  ​frequent insulin injections 
A)  ​eating small amounts of food 
B)  ​restricting carbohydrate in the diet 
C)  ​self-monitoring of blood glucose 
D)  ​frequent visits to the doctor 
E)  ​frequent insulin injections

Question 18

Which drug suppresses glucagon secretion and delays stomach emptying?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​biguanides 
B)  ​sulfonylureas 
C)  ​dopamine agonists 
D)  ​acarbose 
E)  ​amylin analogs 
A)  ​biguanides 
B)  ​sulfonylureas 
C)  ​dopamine agonists 
D)  ​acarbose 
E)  ​amylin analogs

Question 19

Matching
-adiponectin

Accepted Answer

A) hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) liver protein that promotes blood clot formation 
C) a hormone produced by adipose cells that promotes insulin resistance 
D) the type of diabetes that accounts for 5 to 10% of diabetes cases and is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells 
E) the type of diabetes that accounts for 90 to 95% of diabetes cases and is a result of insulin resistance coupled with insufficient insulin secretion
F)transported in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
G)known as insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X
H)protein that promotes blood clotting by inhibiting blood clot degradation within blood vessels
I)hyperglycemia that results from the release of counter regulatory hormones following nighttime hypoglycemia; also called the Somogyi effect
J)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells, including immune cells 
A) hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) liver protein that promotes blood clot formation 
C) a hormone produced by adipose cells that promotes insulin resistance 
D) the type of diabetes that accounts for 5 to 10% of diabetes cases and is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells 
E) the type of diabetes that accounts for 90 to 95% of diabetes cases and is a result of insulin resistance coupled with insufficient insulin secretion
F)transported in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
G)known as insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X
H)protein that promotes blood clotting by inhibiting blood clot degradation within blood vessels
I)hyperglycemia that results from the release of counter regulatory hormones following nighttime hypoglycemia; also called the Somogyi effect
J)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells, including immune cells

Question 20

The progression of metabolic syndrome is worsened by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a sedentary lifestyle 
B)  ​low-carbohydrate diets 
C)  ​low blood lipids 
D)  ​drug therapy 
E)  ​celiac disease 
A)  ​a sedentary lifestyle 
B)  ​low-carbohydrate diets 
C)  ​low blood lipids 
D)  ​drug therapy 
E)  ​celiac disease

Exam 21: Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Matching -prediabetes

Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by _____.

Though the exact cause of metabolic syndrome is unknown, it is believed to be associated with _____.

A major cause of death in people with diabetes is _____.

A disadvantage of intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes is _____.​

The treatment of type 2 diabetes stresses _____ because of its beneficial effects on improving blood glucose control and blood lipids, and reducing blood pressure.​

What are the recommendations for carbohydrate intake for diabetics?​

A benefit to using the basic carbohydrate counting method is _____.

Which insulin preparation has the longest duration of action?

Which symptoms are associated with the acute complications of diabetes?

Matching -gastroparesis

Type 2 diabetics who develop a serious illness or infection that worsens elevated glucose concentrations are prone to developing _____.

Describe hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome of type 2 diabetes.​

Matching -abuminuria

If a person does not produce sufficient insulin, he is prone to have _____.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by all of the following except _____.

Good glycemic control requires _____.​

Which drug suppresses glucagon secretion and delays stomach emptying?

Matching -adiponectin

The progression of metabolic syndrome is worsened by _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

A disadvantage of intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes is _____.

The treatment of type 2 diabetes stresses _____ because of its beneficial effects on improving blood glucose control and blood lipids, and reducing blood pressure.

What are the recommendations for carbohydrate intake for diabetics?

Describe hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome of type 2 diabetes.

Good glycemic control requires _____.