Question 1

Which type of enteral formula usually has the highest osmolality?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​standard formulas 
B)  ​modular formulas 
C)  ​specialized formulas 
D)  ​elemental formulas 
E)  ​macronutrient formulas 
A)  ​standard formulas 
B)  ​modular formulas 
C)  ​specialized formulas 
D)  ​elemental formulas 
E)  ​macronutrient formulas D

Question 2

Enteral formulas may be used orally to supplement a patient's diet. When this occurs, _____ becomes an important consideration.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​taste 
B)  ​cost 
C)  ​osmolality 
D)  ​calorie content 
E)  ​fiber content 
A)  ​taste 
B)  ​cost 
C)  ​osmolality 
D)  ​calorie content 
E)  ​fiber content A

Question 3

After 10 days, Ms. Johnson's physician decides to taper her nutrition support and advance her to an oral diet. Describe the process.​

Accepted Answer

​Parenteral infusions are usually tapered off at the same time oral feedings are begun so that the patient's kcalorie and nutrient needs can be met. Clear liquids are generally the first foods offered and include pulp-free fruit juices, soft drinks, and clear broths; small amounts are given initially to determine tolerance. Later feedings include beverages and solid foods that are unlikely to cause discomfort; a low-fat, lactose-free diet may be recommended. If gastrointestinal symptoms (such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, or diarrhea) develop, oral feedings are limited in size or frequency until the intestines adapt. Once about two-thirds to three-fourths of nutrient needs can be provided orally, the TPN can be discontinued. Ms. Johnson's appetite will have to be monitored because her appetite may be suppressed for several weeks after the TPN is terminated.

Question 4

Matching
-central veins

Accepted Answer

A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids 
A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids

Question 5

If a patient tolerates a formula after it is initiated, the rate of a continuous feeding should be increased by 30 milliliters per hour every 8 hours.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which feature describes elemental formulas?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They contain intact proteins. 
B)  ​They require only minimal digestion. 
C)  ​They are given to patients who have normal digestive or absorptive functions. 
D)  ​They are produced from whole foods. 
E)  ​They are often high in fat content. 
A)  ​They contain intact proteins. 
B)  ​They require only minimal digestion. 
C)  ​They are given to patients who have normal digestive or absorptive functions. 
D)  ​They are produced from whole foods. 
E)  ​They are often high in fat content.

Question 7

Matching
-osmolality​

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 8

Matching
-isotonic formula

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 9

Carbohydrates will provide approximately 50% of Ms. Johnson's kcalories. What form of carbohydrate will be used and how is the caloric content different from that of glucose?​

Accepted Answer

carbohydrate is provided in th

Question 10

Matching
-peripheral parenteral nutrition

Accepted Answer

A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids 
A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids

Question 11

Enteral nutrition includes _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 
B)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) 
C)  ​tube feedings 
D)  ​simple IVs 
E)  ​oral feedings 
A)  ​total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 
B)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) 
C)  ​tube feedings 
D)  ​simple IVs 
E)  ​oral feedings

Question 12

Phelebitis may develop as a result of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​tube feeding intolerance 
B)  ​refeeding syndrome 
C)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition 
D)  ​the use of hypertonic formulas 
E)  ​rotating venous access sites 
A)  ​tube feeding intolerance 
B)  ​refeeding syndrome 
C)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition 
D)  ​the use of hypertonic formulas 
E)  ​rotating venous access sites

Question 13

IV lipid emulsions _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​provide only nonessential fatty acids 
B)  ​are hypertonic 
C)  ​are a diluted source of energy 
D)  ​do not contain glycerol 
E)  ​contain egg phospholipids 
A)  ​provide only nonessential fatty acids 
B)  ​are hypertonic 
C)  ​are a diluted source of energy 
D)  ​do not contain glycerol 
E)  ​contain egg phospholipids

Question 14

Matching
-medium-chain triglycerides

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 15

Matching
-enteral nutrition

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 16

To ensure that the stomach is emptying properly, the nurse may measure _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​gastric residual volume 
B)  ​feeding tube residual volume 
C)  ​body weight after feeding 
D)  ​urine output 
E)  ​gastric emptying rate 
A)  ​gastric residual volume 
B)  ​feeding tube residual volume 
C)  ​body weight after feeding 
D)  ​urine output 
E)  ​gastric emptying rate

Question 17

Types of formulas that contain intact proteins are called _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​disease-specific formulas 
B)  ​hydrolyzed formulas 
C)  ​standard formulas 
D)  ​modular formulas 
E)  ​supplemental formulas 
A)  ​disease-specific formulas 
B)  ​hydrolyzed formulas 
C)  ​standard formulas 
D)  ​modular formulas 
E)  ​supplemental formulas

Question 18

You are working with a patient whose ability to digest and absorb food is impaired, but whose nutrient needs are not elevated. Which formula would you select for this patient?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a standard formula 
B)  ​a micronutrient formula 
C)  ​a combination of modular formulas 
D)  ​a disease-specific formula 
E)  ​an elemental formula 
A)  ​a standard formula 
B)  ​a micronutrient formula 
C)  ​a combination of modular formulas 
D)  ​a disease-specific formula 
E)  ​an elemental formula

Question 19

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of nasogastric feeding.​

Accepted Answer

easiest to insert and confirm placement;

Question 20

Matching
-parenteral nutrition

Accepted Answer

A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids 
A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids

Exam 16: Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Which type of enteral formula usually has the highest osmolality?​

Enteral formulas may be used orally to supplement a patient's diet. When this occurs, _____ becomes an important consideration.​

After 10 days, Ms. Johnson's physician decides to taper her nutrition support and advance her to an oral diet. Describe the process.​

Matching -central veins

If a patient tolerates a formula after it is initiated, the rate of a continuous feeding should be increased by 30 milliliters per hour every 8 hours.​

Which feature describes elemental formulas?​

Matching -osmolality​

Matching -isotonic formula

Carbohydrates will provide approximately 50% of Ms. Johnson's kcalories. What form of carbohydrate will be used and how is the caloric content different from that of glucose?​

Matching -peripheral parenteral nutrition

Enteral nutrition includes _____.

Phelebitis may develop as a result of _____.​

IV lipid emulsions _____.​

Matching -medium-chain triglycerides

Matching -enteral nutrition

To ensure that the stomach is emptying properly, the nurse may measure _____.​

Types of formulas that contain intact proteins are called _____.​

You are working with a patient whose ability to digest and absorb food is impaired, but whose nutrient needs are not elevated. Which formula would you select for this patient?​

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of nasogastric feeding.​

Matching -parenteral nutrition

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

Which type of enteral formula usually has the highest osmolality?

Enteral formulas may be used orally to supplement a patient's diet. When this occurs, _____ becomes an important consideration.

After 10 days, Ms. Johnson's physician decides to taper her nutrition support and advance her to an oral diet. Describe the process.

If a patient tolerates a formula after it is initiated, the rate of a continuous feeding should be increased by 30 milliliters per hour every 8 hours.

Which feature describes elemental formulas?

Matching -osmolality

Carbohydrates will provide approximately 50% of Ms. Johnson's kcalories. What form of carbohydrate will be used and how is the caloric content different from that of glucose?

Phelebitis may develop as a result of _____.

IV lipid emulsions _____.

To ensure that the stomach is emptying properly, the nurse may measure _____.

Types of formulas that contain intact proteins are called _____.

You are working with a patient whose ability to digest and absorb food is impaired, but whose nutrient needs are not elevated. Which formula would you select for this patient?

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of nasogastric feeding.