Question 1

Differentiate between the characteristics and uses of standard formulas and elemental formulas.

Accepted Answer

Standard formulas, also called polymeric

Question 2

A 5% dextrose solution contains _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​2.5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per 100 mL 
B)  ​5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per 100 mL 
C)  ​2.5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per liter 
D)  ​5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per liter 
E)  ​5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per kg body weight 
A)  ​2.5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per 100 mL 
B)  ​5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per 100 mL 
C)  ​2.5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per liter 
D)  ​5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per liter 
E)  ​5 grams of dextrose monohydrate per kg body weight

Question 3

Lifelong adherence to dietary restrictions is recommended for individuals with PKU in order to protect _____ function.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lung 
B)  ​brain 
C)  ​muscle 
D)  ​kidney 
E)  ​pancreatic 
A)  ​lung 
B)  ​brain 
C)  ​muscle 
D)  ​kidney 
E)  ​pancreatic

Question 4

Patients who do not have _____ are candidates for home enteral nutrition.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dysphagia 
B)  ​gastroparesis 
C)  ​gastric outlet obstruction 
D)  ​pancreatic conditions that cause malabsorption 
E)  ​short bowel syndrome 
A)  ​dysphagia 
B)  ​gastroparesis 
C)  ​gastric outlet obstruction 
D)  ​pancreatic conditions that cause malabsorption 
E)  ​short bowel syndrome

Question 5

Matching
-specialized formulas

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 6

Lipid infusions must be restricted in patients with _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​diseases that require fluid restriction 
B)  ​hypertriglyceridemia 
C)  ​hyperglycemia 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​hypertension 
A)  ​diseases that require fluid restriction 
B)  ​hypertriglyceridemia 
C)  ​hyperglycemia 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​hypertension

Question 7

Matching
-hypertonic formula

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 8

Lipid emulsions that contain excessive linoleic acid may _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hamper immune responses 
B)  ​minimize negative nitrogen balance 
C)  ​spare vital protein 
D)  ​contribute to hyperglycemia 
E)  ​cause diarrhea 
A)  ​hamper immune responses 
B)  ​minimize negative nitrogen balance 
C)  ​spare vital protein 
D)  ​contribute to hyperglycemia 
E)  ​cause diarrhea

Question 9

One of the major causes of diarrhea that frequently accompanies tube feedings is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​food allergies 
B)  ​over-hydration 
C)  ​low osmolality of liquid medications 
D)  ​acidity of liquid medications 
E)  ​sorbitol-containing medications 
A)  ​food allergies 
B)  ​over-hydration 
C)  ​low osmolality of liquid medications 
D)  ​acidity of liquid medications 
E)  ​sorbitol-containing medications

Question 10

Matching
-modular formulas

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 11

Which feeding tube placement site would be most appropriate for a patient who is expected to be on a tube feeding for less than four weeks?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​gastrostomy 
B)  ​jejunostomy 
C)  ​nasogastric 
D)  ​duodenostomy 
E)  ​nasoduodenal 
A)  ​gastrostomy 
B)  ​jejunostomy 
C)  ​nasogastric 
D)  ​duodenostomy 
E)  ​nasoduodenal

Question 12

Modular formulas are _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​prepared for patients who require specific nutrient combinations 
B)  ​prepared from whole foods 
C)  ​general-use, complete formulas 
D)  ​added to parenteral formulas to adjust the nutrient composition 
E)  ​low in vitamins and minerals 
A)  ​prepared for patients who require specific nutrient combinations 
B)  ​prepared from whole foods 
C)  ​general-use, complete formulas 
D)  ​added to parenteral formulas to adjust the nutrient composition 
E)  ​low in vitamins and minerals

Question 13

Which statement does not describe feeding tubes?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They are all the same diameter. 
B)  ​They come in a variety of lengths. 
C)  ​They are soft and flexible. 
D)  ​They come with special characteristics for specific purposes. 
E)  ​They allow the administration of water or medications during feedings. 
A)  ​They are all the same diameter. 
B)  ​They come in a variety of lengths. 
C)  ​They are soft and flexible. 
D)  ​They come with special characteristics for specific purposes. 
E)  ​They allow the administration of water or medications during feedings.

Question 14

Matching
-nutrition support

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 15

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients to the _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lymphatic system 
B)  ​gastrointestinal tract 
C)  ​central veins 
D)  ​peripheral veins 
E)  ​peripheral arteries 
A)  ​lymphatic system 
B)  ​gastrointestinal tract 
C)  ​central veins 
D)  ​peripheral veins 
E)  ​peripheral arteries

Question 16

Matching
-catheter

Accepted Answer

A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids 
A) the intravenous provision of nutrients that bypasses the GI tract 
B) small-diameter veins that carry blood from the arms and legs 
C) large-diameter veins located close to the heart 
D) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a peripheral vein 
E) a type of nutrition support in which intravenous feedings are delivered into a central vein
F)a thin tube placed within a narrow lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
G)the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)
H)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose, amino acids, and lipids
I)a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids but excludes lipids

Question 17

The use of PPN is not possible if a patient's peripheral veins are weak.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When a patient is being tube fed, he or she cannot eat food.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Matching
-standard formulas

Accepted Answer

A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 
A) the delivery of formulated nutrients by feeding tube or intravenous infusion 
B) the provision of nutrients using the GI tract, including the use of tube feedings and oral diets 
C) general-purpose enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharides 
D) enteral formulas that are made by blenderizing whole foods 
E) enteral formulas that contain macronutrients that have been partially or fully hydrolyzed
F)triglycerides that contain fatty acids that are 8 to 10 carbons in length, do not require digestion, and can be absorbed in the absence of lipase or bile
G)enteral formulas designed to meet the nutrient needs of patients with specific illnesses
H)enteral formulas that contain only one or two macronutrients; used to enhance other formulas
I)a formula with an osmolality similar to that of blood serum (300 mOsm/kg)
J)a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
K)the osmotic property of a solution, based on its concentrations of molecules and ionic particles

Question 20

Dietary treatment of PKU includes _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​restriction of phenylalanine 
B)  ​avoidance of simple sugars 
C)  ​restriction of galactose 
D)  ​avoidance of milk and dairy foods 
E)  ​avoidance of high protein foods 
A)  ​restriction of phenylalanine 
B)  ​avoidance of simple sugars 
C)  ​restriction of galactose 
D)  ​avoidance of milk and dairy foods 
E)  ​avoidance of high protein foods

Exam 16: Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Differentiate between the characteristics and uses of standard formulas and elemental formulas.

A 5% dextrose solution contains _____.​

Lifelong adherence to dietary restrictions is recommended for individuals with PKU in order to protect _____ function.​

Patients who do not have _____ are candidates for home enteral nutrition.​

Matching -specialized formulas

Lipid infusions must be restricted in patients with _____.​

Matching -hypertonic formula

Lipid emulsions that contain excessive linoleic acid may _____.​

One of the major causes of diarrhea that frequently accompanies tube feedings is _____.​

Matching -modular formulas

Which feeding tube placement site would be most appropriate for a patient who is expected to be on a tube feeding for less than four weeks?​

Modular formulas are _____.​

Which statement does not describe feeding tubes?​

Matching -nutrition support

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients to the _____.​

Matching -catheter

The use of PPN is not possible if a patient's peripheral veins are weak.​

When a patient is being tube fed, he or she cannot eat food.

Matching -standard formulas

Dietary treatment of PKU includes _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

A 5% dextrose solution contains _____.

Lifelong adherence to dietary restrictions is recommended for individuals with PKU in order to protect _____ function.

Patients who do not have _____ are candidates for home enteral nutrition.

Lipid infusions must be restricted in patients with _____.

Lipid emulsions that contain excessive linoleic acid may _____.

One of the major causes of diarrhea that frequently accompanies tube feedings is _____.

Which feeding tube placement site would be most appropriate for a patient who is expected to be on a tube feeding for less than four weeks?

Modular formulas are _____.

Which statement does not describe feeding tubes?

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients to the _____.

The use of PPN is not possible if a patient's peripheral veins are weak.