Question 1

Matching
-hypercalciuria

Accepted Answer

A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels 
A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels

Question 2

One cause of nephrotic syndrome is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​infections of the kidney 
B)  ​uremia 
C)  ​low blood lipids 
D)  ​dehydration 
E)  ​elevated sodium 
A)  ​infections of the kidney 
B)  ​uremia 
C)  ​low blood lipids 
D)  ​dehydration 
E)  ​elevated sodium

Question 3

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Matching
-renal osteodystrophy

Accepted Answer

A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function 
A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function

Question 5

Which process is not a function of the kidneys?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​maintaining blood pressure 
B)  ​regulating electrolyte concentrations 
C)  ​maintaining acid-base balance 
D)  ​converting vitamin K to its active form 
E)  ​maintaining cholesterol levels 
A)  ​maintaining blood pressure 
B)  ​regulating electrolyte concentrations 
C)  ​maintaining acid-base balance 
D)  ​converting vitamin K to its active form 
E)  ​maintaining cholesterol levels

Question 6

All of these factors can contribute to hypercalciuria except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​excessive calcium absorption 
B)  ​impaired calcium reabsorption 
C)  ​elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone 
D)  ​impaired absorption of vitamin C 
E)  ​elevated vitamin D 
A)  ​excessive calcium absorption 
B)  ​impaired calcium reabsorption 
C)  ​elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone 
D)  ​impaired absorption of vitamin C 
E)  ​elevated vitamin D

Question 7

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition is an option for supplying supplemental nutrients to dialysis patients.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Matching
-nephrotic syndrome

Accepted Answer

A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function 
A) a syndrome associated with kidney disorders characterized by urinary protein losses exceeding 3 to 3.5 g per day 
B) functional unit of kidneys 
C) the cluster of symptoms associated with inadequate kidney function; the symptoms reflect fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal imbalances; altered heart function; neuromuscular disturbances; and other metabolic derangements 
D) crystalline masses that form in the urinary tract; also called renal calculi and nephrolithiasis 
E) a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid in the blood and urine and the deposition of uric acid in and around the joints, causing acute joint inflammation
F)an inherited disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
G)a bone disorder that develops in patients with chronic kidney disease as a consequence of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, reduced serum calcium, acidosis, and impaired vitamin D activation by the kidneys
H)the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine
I)a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
J)nitrogen-containing compound found in skeletal muscle, blood levels used as marker for kidney function

Question 9

Suggest appropriate amounts of protein, sodium, potassium, and fluids for a patient on hemodialysis.

Accepted Answer

Protein intake of 1.2-1.4 g/kg

Question 10

Which dietary nutrient is controlled to alleviate edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​protein 
C)  ​carbohydrate 
D)  ​calcium 
E)  ​water 
A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​protein 
C)  ​carbohydrate 
D)  ​calcium 
E)  ​water

Question 11

Supplementation of all fat-soluble vitamins is necessary in patients with chronic kidney disease.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Describe the two major consequences of kidney stones.

Accepted Answer

1)Renal colic: a stone passing through t

Question 13

Matching
-hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels 
A) the solution used in dialysis to draw wastes and fluids from the blood 
B) abrupt decline in kidney function over a period of hours or days 
C) blood in the urine 
D) elevated serum potassium levels 
E) elevated serum phosphate levels
F)elevated urinary oxalate levels
G)increased urine production
H)low serum potassium levels
I)elevated serum calcium levels
J)elevated urinary calcium levels

Question 14

Once dialysis is initiated in a patient with chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​is less restrictive 
B)  ​is more restrictive 
C)  ​remains the same 
D)  ​emphasizes the addition of nonessential amino acid sources 
E)  ​emphasizes the addition of phosphorus and calcium 
A)  ​is less restrictive 
B)  ​is more restrictive 
C)  ​remains the same 
D)  ​emphasizes the addition of nonessential amino acid sources 
E)  ​emphasizes the addition of phosphorus and calcium

Question 15

The various symptoms and complications that develop in the final stages of chronic kidney disease are collectively referred to as _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​PEM 
C)  ​uremic syndrome 
D)  ​hyperkalemia 
E)  ​osteodystrophy 
A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​PEM 
C)  ​uremic syndrome 
D)  ​hyperkalemia 
E)  ​osteodystrophy

Question 16

What are the possible causes of Mr. Forbes's calcium oxalate stone?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Forbes could have hypercal

Question 17

All of these factors are consequences of acute kidney injury except _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​oliguria 
B)  ​sodium retention 
C)  ​the inability to metabolize nutrients 
D)  ​elevated levels of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium 
E)  elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)​ 
A)  ​oliguria 
B)  ​sodium retention 
C)  ​the inability to metabolize nutrients 
D)  ​elevated levels of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium 
E)  elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)​

Question 18

Why is the renal diet difficult to adhere to?

Accepted Answer

The renal diet may limit protein, fluids

Question 19

For people who are prone to kidney stones, the best way to prevent the formation of stones is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​minimize calcium intake 
B)  eat less meat 
C)  ​eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables 
D)  ​drink 12 to 16 cups of fluids per day 
E)  ​drink primarily sugar-sweetened drinks 
A)  ​minimize calcium intake 
B)  eat less meat 
C)  ​eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables 
D)  ​drink 12 to 16 cups of fluids per day 
E)  ​drink primarily sugar-sweetened drinks

Question 20

Protein-restricted diets naturally curb the intake of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​vitamin B₆ 
E)  ​calcium 
A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​vitamin B₆ 
E)  ​calcium

Exam 23: Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Matching -hypercalciuria

One cause of nephrotic syndrome is _____.​

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.​

Matching -renal osteodystrophy

Which process is not a function of the kidneys?​

All of these factors can contribute to hypercalciuria except _____.

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition is an option for supplying supplemental nutrients to dialysis patients.​

Matching -nephrotic syndrome

Suggest appropriate amounts of protein, sodium, potassium, and fluids for a patient on hemodialysis.

Which dietary nutrient is controlled to alleviate edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome?​

Supplementation of all fat-soluble vitamins is necessary in patients with chronic kidney disease.​

Describe the two major consequences of kidney stones.

Matching -hyperkalemia

Once dialysis is initiated in a patient with chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake _____.

The various symptoms and complications that develop in the final stages of chronic kidney disease are collectively referred to as _____.​

What are the possible causes of Mr. Forbes's calcium oxalate stone?

All of these factors are consequences of acute kidney injury except _____.​

Why is the renal diet difficult to adhere to?

For people who are prone to kidney stones, the best way to prevent the formation of stones is to _____.

Protein-restricted diets naturally curb the intake of _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

One cause of nephrotic syndrome is _____.

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.

Which process is not a function of the kidneys?

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition is an option for supplying supplemental nutrients to dialysis patients.

Which dietary nutrient is controlled to alleviate edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

Supplementation of all fat-soluble vitamins is necessary in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The various symptoms and complications that develop in the final stages of chronic kidney disease are collectively referred to as _____.

All of these factors are consequences of acute kidney injury except _____.