Question 1

All these therapies are used to manage MODS except ______.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​mechanical ventilation 
B)  ​fluid resuscitation 
C)  ​hemofiltration or dialysis 
D)  ​physical therapy 
E)  ​nutritional support 
A)  ​mechanical ventilation 
B)  ​fluid resuscitation 
C)  ​hemofiltration or dialysis 
D)  ​physical therapy 
E)  ​nutritional support

Question 2

Matching
-abscesses

Accepted Answer

A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions 
A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions

Question 3

Refeeding syndrome is characterized by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fluid and electrolyte shifts 
B)  ​infections 
C)  ​respiration issues 
D)  ​sepsis 
E)  ​inflammation 
A)  ​fluid and electrolyte shifts 
B)  ​infections 
C)  ​respiration issues 
D)  ​sepsis 
E)  ​inflammation

Question 4

Matching
-debridement

Accepted Answer

A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions 
A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions

Question 5

The increase in basal metabolic rate that occurs as part of the stress response can be attributed to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​catecholamines 
B)  ​cortisol 
C)  ​eicosanoids 
D)  ​cytokines 
E)  ​acetylcholine 
A)  ​catecholamines 
B)  ​cortisol 
C)  ​eicosanoids 
D)  ​cytokines 
E)  ​acetylcholine

Question 6

Matching
-sepsis

Accepted Answer

A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions 
A) mediated by catecholamine hormones, cortisol, and glucagon, which together raise nutrient levels in blood, stimulate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and increase metabolic rate 
B) a group of nonspecific immune responses to infection or injury 
C) changes in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma proteins 
D) a whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and elevated body temperature 
E) a severe reduction in blood flow that deprives the body's tissues of oxygen and nutrients
F)accumulations of pus
G)the surgical removal of dead, damaged, or contaminated tissue resulting from burns or wounds
H)signaling proteins produced by the body's cells; those produced by white blood cells regulate various aspects of immune function
I)20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions
J)white blood cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens body functions

Question 7

An increase in _____ is needed to support the increase in energy metabolism in hypermetabolic patients.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamin C 
B)  ​zinc 
C)  ​B vitamins 
D)  ​vitamin E 
E)  ​vitamin D 
A)  ​vitamin C 
B)  ​zinc 
C)  ​B vitamins 
D)  ​vitamin E 
E)  ​vitamin D

Question 8

Which procedure is not an initial treatment of acute stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​administering fluids 
B)  ​treating infections 
C)  ​mechanical ventilation 
D)  ​repairing wounds 
E)  ​debridement 
A)  ​administering fluids 
B)  ​treating infections 
C)  ​mechanical ventilation 
D)  ​repairing wounds 
E)  ​debridement

Question 9

Medical nutrition therapy for COPD is designed to meet all of these goals except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​promoting a healthy body weight 
B)  ​preventing muscle loss 
C)  ​improving food intake 
D)  ​relieving chronic cough 
E)  ​preventing malnutrition 
A)  ​promoting a healthy body weight 
B)  ​preventing muscle loss 
C)  ​improving food intake 
D)  ​relieving chronic cough 
E)  ​preventing malnutrition

Question 10

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​is an inherited disorder 
B)  ​accounts for the majority of cases of COPD 
C)  ​is detrimental only if the person is also a smoker 
D)  ​causes the production of excess mucus 
E)  ​inhibits oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange 
A)  ​is an inherited disorder 
B)  ​accounts for the majority of cases of COPD 
C)  ​is detrimental only if the person is also a smoker 
D)  ​causes the production of excess mucus 
E)  ​inhibits oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Question 11

John has been hospitalized with a severe infection in his foot. Increasing his intake of _____ may help to suppress the inflammation.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​protein 
B)  ​omega-3 fatty acids 
C)  ​carbohydrate 
D)  ​omega 6-fatty acids 
E)  ​cytokines 
A)  ​protein 
B)  ​omega-3 fatty acids 
C)  ​carbohydrate 
D)  ​omega 6-fatty acids 
E)  ​cytokines

Question 12

Matching
-dyspnea

Accepted Answer

A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation 
A) a disruption in the body's chemical environment due to the effects of disease or injury 
B) abnormal gas exchange between the air and blood, resulting in lower-than-normal oxygen levels and higher-than-normal carbon dioxide levels 
C) a higher-than-normal metabolic rate 
D) the breakdown of lean tissue that results from disease or malnutrition 
E) relating to the entire body
F)a whole-body response to acute inflammation; characterized by raised heart and respiratory rates, abnormal white blood cell counts, and altered body temperature
G)acid accumulation in the body tissues
H)a group of lung diseases characterized by persistent obstructed airflow through the lungs and airways; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
I)shortness of breath
J)respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical ventilation

Question 13

The stress response is the body's _____ response to a variety of stressors.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​nonspecific 
B)  ​localized 
C)  ​cell-mediated 
D)  ​hypometabolic 
E)  ​specific 
A)  ​nonspecific 
B)  ​localized 
C)  ​cell-mediated 
D)  ​hypometabolic 
E)  ​specific

Question 14

In a patient with MODS, which organ(s) is(are) one of the last to fail?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​GI tract 
B)  ​heart 
C)  ​lungs 
D)  ​gallbladder 
E)  ​pancreas 
A)  ​GI tract 
B)  ​heart 
C)  ​lungs 
D)  ​gallbladder 
E)  ​pancreas

Question 15

Which chemical messenger is not produced by the liver during inflammation, infection or severe injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​C-reactive peptide 
B)  ​complement 
C)  ​cortisol 
D)  ​hepcidin 
E)  ​prothrombin 
A)  ​C-reactive peptide 
B)  ​complement 
C)  ​cortisol 
D)  ​hepcidin 
E)  ​prothrombin

Question 16

Which factor increases the risk for developing MODS?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​patient age below 50 years old 
B)  ​having SIRS for less than two days 
C)  ​the use of invasive catheters 
D)  ​low body weight 
E)  ​having localized, acute injuries 
A)  ​patient age below 50 years old 
B)  ​having SIRS for less than two days 
C)  ​the use of invasive catheters 
D)  ​low body weight 
E)  ​having localized, acute injuries

Question 17

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which nutrient plays a critical role in immunity and wound healing?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​zinc 
B)  ​vitamin B 
C)  ​vitamin D 
D)  ​potassium 
E)  ​calcium 
A)  ​zinc 
B)  ​vitamin B 
C)  ​vitamin D 
D)  ​potassium 
E)  ​calcium

Question 19

A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​small, frequent meals 
B)  ​a low-fat diet 
C)  ​a high-fiber diet 
D)  ​consuming more liquids 
E)  ​lying down 
A)  ​small, frequent meals 
B)  ​a low-fat diet 
C)  ​a high-fiber diet 
D)  ​consuming more liquids 
E)  ​lying down

Question 20

What are the potential diet-drug interactions Caroline might experience?

Accepted Answer

​Bronchodilators may increase gastric ac

Exam 24: Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

All these therapies are used to manage MODS except ______.​

Matching -abscesses

Refeeding syndrome is characterized by _____.

Matching -debridement

The increase in basal metabolic rate that occurs as part of the stress response can be attributed to _____.

Matching -sepsis

An increase in _____ is needed to support the increase in energy metabolism in hypermetabolic patients.​

Which procedure is not an initial treatment of acute stress?

Medical nutrition therapy for COPD is designed to meet all of these goals except _____.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency _____.

John has been hospitalized with a severe infection in his foot. Increasing his intake of _____ may help to suppress the inflammation.

Matching -dyspnea

The stress response is the body's _____ response to a variety of stressors.​

In a patient with MODS, which organ(s) is(are) one of the last to fail?​

Which chemical messenger is not produced by the liver during inflammation, infection or severe injury?

Which factor increases the risk for developing MODS?

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.

Which nutrient plays a critical role in immunity and wound healing?

A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from _____.

What are the potential diet-drug interactions Caroline might experience?

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

All these therapies are used to manage MODS except ______.

An increase in _____ is needed to support the increase in energy metabolism in hypermetabolic patients.

The stress response is the body's _____ response to a variety of stressors.

In a patient with MODS, which organ(s) is(are) one of the last to fail?