Question 1

​Explain the differences between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal factors in the development of acute kidney disease.

Accepted Answer

Many disorders can lead to acute kidney

Question 2

Matching​
-uremia

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 3

A patient in the later stage of chronic kidney disease has been advised to increase his intake of potassium-rich foods. What food is an example of an item that is high in potassium?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Strawberries 
B)  ​Cabbage 
C)  ​Potatoes 
D)  ​Watermelon 
E)  ​Carrots 
A)  ​Strawberries 
B)  ​Cabbage 
C)  ​Potatoes 
D)  ​Watermelon 
E)  ​Carrots

Question 4

The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced through which process?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Steaming 
B)  ​Sautéing 
C)  ​Leaching 
D)  ​Boiling 
E)  ​Spraying 
A)  ​Steaming 
B)  ​Sautéing 
C)  ​Leaching 
D)  ​Boiling 
E)  ​Spraying

Question 5

​Low-protein diets for patients with chronic kidney disease supply less _____ than high-protein diets.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​phosphorous 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​vitamin B6 
E)  ​magnesium 
A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​phosphorous 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​vitamin B6 
E)  ​magnesium

Question 6

An example of a food that is high in oxalate is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​grapes 
B)  ​milk 
C)  ​carrots 
D)  ​apples 
E)  ​spinach 
A)  ​grapes 
B)  ​milk 
C)  ​carrots 
D)  ​apples 
E)  ​spinach

Question 7

Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old. He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker. He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds. Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function. His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2.
-Protein intake for Mr. Wilson should _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​be restricted due to slow disease progression 
B)  ​be increased due to PEM 
C)  ​be limited to plant protein foods 
D)  ​be limited to animal protein foods 
E)  ​remain the same until he begins to lose weight 
A)  ​be restricted due to slow disease progression 
B)  ​be increased due to PEM 
C)  ​be limited to plant protein foods 
D)  ​be limited to animal protein foods 
E)  ​remain the same until he begins to lose weight

Question 8

Supplemental _____ among patients with chronic kidney disease should be limited to 70 mg per day because excessive intakes can contribute to kidney stone formation in those at risk.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamin D 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​vitamin C 
E)  ​iron 
A)  ​vitamin D 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​potassium 
D)  ​vitamin C 
E)  ​iron

Question 9

Which factor may predispose an individual to kidney stone formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Increased volume of urine output 
B)  ​Intake of foods that contain tyrosine​ 
C)  ​Recent gastrointestinal infection 
D)  ​Changes in urinary acidity 
E)  ​Decreased tissue perfusion 
A)  ​Increased volume of urine output 
B)  ​Intake of foods that contain tyrosine​ 
C)  ​Recent gastrointestinal infection 
D)  ​Changes in urinary acidity 
E)  ​Decreased tissue perfusion

Question 10

​The part of the kidney that acts like a sieve to filter wastes is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​nephron 
B)  ​glomerulus 
C)  ​tubule 
D)  ​lobe 
E)  ​loop of Henle 
A)  ​nephron 
B)  ​glomerulus 
C)  ​tubule 
D)  ​lobe 
E)  ​loop of Henle

Explain the differences between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal factors in the development of acute kidney disease.

Matching -uremia

A patient in the later stage of chronic kidney disease has been advised to increase his intake of potassium-rich foods. What food is an example of an item that is high in potassium?

The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced through which process?

Low-protein diets for patients with chronic kidney disease supply less _____ than high-protein diets.

An example of a food that is high in oxalate is _____.

Supplemental _____ among patients with chronic kidney disease should be limited to 70 mg per day because excessive intakes can contribute to kidney stone formation in those at risk.

Which factor may predispose an individual to kidney stone formation?

The part of the kidney that acts like a sieve to filter wastes is the _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

​Explain the differences between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal factors in the development of acute kidney disease.

Matching​ -uremia

A patient in the later stage of chronic kidney disease has been advised to increase his intake of potassium-rich foods. What food is an example of an item that is high in potassium?​

The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced through which process?​

​Low-protein diets for patients with chronic kidney disease supply less _____ than high-protein diets.

An example of a food that is high in oxalate is _____.​

Supplemental _____ among patients with chronic kidney disease should be limited to 70 mg per day because excessive intakes can contribute to kidney stone formation in those at risk.​

Which factor may predispose an individual to kidney stone formation?

​The part of the kidney that acts like a sieve to filter wastes is the _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Explain the differences between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal factors in the development of acute kidney disease.

Matching -uremia

A patient in the later stage of chronic kidney disease has been advised to increase his intake of potassium-rich foods. What food is an example of an item that is high in potassium?

The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced through which process?

Low-protein diets for patients with chronic kidney disease supply less _____ than high-protein diets.

An example of a food that is high in oxalate is _____.

Supplemental _____ among patients with chronic kidney disease should be limited to 70 mg per day because excessive intakes can contribute to kidney stone formation in those at risk.

The part of the kidney that acts like a sieve to filter wastes is the _____.