Question 1

Dialysis removes excess fluids and wastes from the blood by employing the principles of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Approximately _____ percent of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​5 
B)  ​15 
C)  ​24 
D)  ​30 
E)  ​42 
A)  ​5 
B)  ​15 
C)  ​24 
D)  ​30 
E)  ​42

Question 3

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a procedure that involves surgically removing a kidney stone while the patient is under general anesthesia.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

​What condition that leads to acute kidney injury is considered a prerenal factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Urinary obstruction 
B)  ​Drug exposure 
C)  ​Heart failure 
D)  ​Trauma 
E)  ​Exposure to toxins 
A)  ​Urinary obstruction 
B)  ​Drug exposure 
C)  ​Heart failure 
D)  ​Trauma 
E)  ​Exposure to toxins

Question 5

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Total parenteral nutrition may be necessary for a patient with acute kidney injury when _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the patient has severe dysphagia 
B)  ​the patient cannot tolerate tube feedings 
C)  ​the patient has urine output of less than 400 mL per day 
D)  ​the patient has hyponatremia 
E)  ​the patient will need dialysis 
A)  ​the patient has severe dysphagia 
B)  ​the patient cannot tolerate tube feedings 
C)  ​the patient has urine output of less than 400 mL per day 
D)  ​the patient has hyponatremia 
E)  ​the patient will need dialysis

Question 7

Explain energy needs when providing nutrition care of clients with chronic kidney disease.​

Accepted Answer

because malnutrition is a common complic

Question 8

In oliguric patients, recovery from kidney injury sometimes begins with a period of _____, in which large amounts of fluid (up to 3 liters daily) are excreted.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hemodialysis 
B)  ​proteinuria 
C)  ​anuria 
D)  ​diuresis 
E)  ​peritoneal dialysis 
A)  ​hemodialysis 
B)  ​proteinuria 
C)  ​anuria 
D)  ​diuresis 
E)  ​peritoneal dialysis

Question 9

A client is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin, edema, and elevated blood lipids. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those associated with _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​rejection of a kidney transplant 
B)  ​acute kidney injury 
C)  ​nephrotic syndrome 
D)  ​kidney stones 
E)  ​renal colic 
A)  ​rejection of a kidney transplant 
B)  ​acute kidney injury 
C)  ​nephrotic syndrome 
D)  ​kidney stones 
E)  ​renal colic

Question 10

Matching​
-​filtrate

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 11

A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​edema 
B)  ​infection 
C)  ​rickets 
D)  ​altered blood lipids 
E)  ​hypertension 
A)  ​edema 
B)  ​infection 
C)  ​rickets 
D)  ​altered blood lipids 
E)  ​hypertension

Question 12

Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products.
​
-What principle regarding fluid is correctly conveyed to Mr. Bradley?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​"Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit juice bars contribute to your fluid intake." 
B)  ​"Water losses from the skin and lungs are deducted from your fluid allowance." 
C)  ​"Solid foods do not contribute to your fluid intake." 
D)  ​"Your average fluid gain between dialysis treatments should ideally be 10 pounds." 
E)  ​"Most of your fluid intake should come when you take your medications." 
A)  ​"Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit juice bars contribute to your fluid intake." 
B)  ​"Water losses from the skin and lungs are deducted from your fluid allowance." 
C)  ​"Solid foods do not contribute to your fluid intake." 
D)  ​"Your average fluid gain between dialysis treatments should ideally be 10 pounds." 
E)  ​"Most of your fluid intake should come when you take your medications."

Question 13

What describes an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​It is less likely to cause blood clots. 
B)  ​Its dialyzer is typically more effective. 
C)  ​It is less likely to cause infection. 
D)  ​It requires fewer dietary restrictions. 
E)  ​It can be used for longer periods. 
A)  ​It is less likely to cause blood clots. 
B)  ​Its dialyzer is typically more effective. 
C)  ​It is less likely to cause infection. 
D)  ​It requires fewer dietary restrictions. 
E)  ​It can be used for longer periods.

Question 14

Matching​
-ystinuria

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 15

Matching​
-acute kidney injury

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 16

Matching​
-end-stage renal disease

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 17

​What food is a good source of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Chicken 
B)  ​Peanut butter 
C)  ​Peas 
D)  ​Broccoli 
E)  ​Cantaloupe 
A)  ​Chicken 
B)  ​Peanut butter 
C)  ​Peas 
D)  ​Broccoli 
E)  ​Cantaloupe

Question 18

The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is _____​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​diabetes 
B)  ​infection 
C)  ​a genetic disorder 
D)  ​inflammation 
E)  ​peripheral vascular disease 
A)  ​diabetes 
B)  ​infection 
C)  ​a genetic disorder 
D)  ​inflammation 
E)  ​peripheral vascular disease

Question 19

​Supplementation of all fat-soluble vitamins is necessary in clients with chronic kidney disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

One primary function of the kidneys is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​produce albumin 
B)  ​aid in the digestion of fats 
C)  ​maintain acid-base balance 
D)  ​convert vitamin K to its active form 
E)  ​produce enzymes that protect the body from viral infections 
A)  ​produce albumin 
B)  ​aid in the digestion of fats 
C)  ​maintain acid-base balance 
D)  ​convert vitamin K to its active form 
E)  ​produce enzymes that protect the body from viral infections

Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Dialysis removes excess fluids and wastes from the blood by employing the principles of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration.​

Approximately _____ percent of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.​

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a procedure that involves surgically removing a kidney stone while the patient is under general anesthesia.​

​What condition that leads to acute kidney injury is considered a prerenal factor?

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.​

Total parenteral nutrition may be necessary for a patient with acute kidney injury when _____.​

Explain energy needs when providing nutrition care of clients with chronic kidney disease.​

In oliguric patients, recovery from kidney injury sometimes begins with a period of _____, in which large amounts of fluid (up to 3 liters daily) are excreted.​

A client is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin, edema, and elevated blood lipids. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those associated with _____.​

Matching​ -​filtrate

A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.​

What describes an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis?​

Matching​ -ystinuria

Matching​ -acute kidney injury

Matching​ -end-stage renal disease

​What food is a good source of phosphorus?

The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is _____​

​Supplementation of all fat-soluble vitamins is necessary in clients with chronic kidney disease.

One primary function of the kidneys is to ____.​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Dialysis removes excess fluids and wastes from the blood by employing the principles of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration.

Approximately _____ percent of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a procedure that involves surgically removing a kidney stone while the patient is under general anesthesia.

What condition that leads to acute kidney injury is considered a prerenal factor?

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.

Total parenteral nutrition may be necessary for a patient with acute kidney injury when _____.

Explain energy needs when providing nutrition care of clients with chronic kidney disease.

In oliguric patients, recovery from kidney injury sometimes begins with a period of _____, in which large amounts of fluid (up to 3 liters daily) are excreted.

A client is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin, edema, and elevated blood lipids. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those associated with _____.

Matching -filtrate

A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

What describes an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis?

Matching -ystinuria

Matching -acute kidney injury

Matching -end-stage renal disease

What food is a good source of phosphorus?

The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is _____

Supplementation of all fat-soluble vitamins is necessary in clients with chronic kidney disease.

One primary function of the kidneys is to ____.