Question 1

Matching​
-glomerular filtration rate

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 2

One potential complication of hemodialysis is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​blood clots 
B)  ​insomnia 
C)  ​edema 
D)  ​hemochromatosis 
E)  ​hypertension 
A)  ​blood clots 
B)  ​insomnia 
C)  ​edema 
D)  ​hemochromatosis 
E)  ​hypertension

Question 3

Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products.
​
-You explain to Mr. Bradley that the diet for end-stage renal disease _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​has little influence on disease progression 
B)  ​will not prevent the development of complications 
C)  ​contributes to elevated serum levels of nitrogenous wastes 
D)  ​can help to control electrolytes and avoid a life-threatening imbalance 
E)  ​will prevent him from developing further vision loss 
A)  ​has little influence on disease progression 
B)  ​will not prevent the development of complications 
C)  ​contributes to elevated serum levels of nitrogenous wastes 
D)  ​can help to control electrolytes and avoid a life-threatening imbalance 
E)  ​will prevent him from developing further vision loss

Question 4

Which immunosuppressant drug would most likely be administered to a patient following a kidney transplant?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Sevelamer 
B)  ​Potassium citrate 
C)  ​Calcium acetate 
D)  ​Tacrolimus 
E)  ​Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 
A)  ​Sevelamer 
B)  ​Potassium citrate 
C)  ​Calcium acetate 
D)  ​Tacrolimus 
E)  ​Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Question 5

The most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​oral iron supplements 
B)  ​IV iron administration 
C)  ​IV iron administration in conjunction with erythropoietin therapy 
D)  ​increasing intake of iron-rich foods 
E)  ​intramuscular iron injections 
A)  ​oral iron supplements 
B)  ​IV iron administration 
C)  ​IV iron administration in conjunction with erythropoietin therapy 
D)  ​increasing intake of iron-rich foods 
E)  ​intramuscular iron injections

Question 6

Describe special dietary considerations for a patient who has had a kidney transplant.

Accepted Answer

after patients recover from transplant s

Question 7

Prostate cancer is an intrarenal factor that can cause acute kidney injury.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium 
B)  ​edema due to increased urine production 
C)  ​an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone 
D)  ​production of at least 800 mL of urine per day 
E)  ​hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue 
A)  ​sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium 
B)  ​edema due to increased urine production 
C)  ​an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone 
D)  ​production of at least 800 mL of urine per day 
E)  ​hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue

Question 9

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine stones.​

Accepted Answer

The most common abnormality in people wi

Question 10

Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old. He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker. He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds. Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function. His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m2.
-​The primary goal(s) of medical nutrition therapy for Mr. Wilson at this time should be to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lower his blood cholesterol levels 
B)  ​prevent PEM and weight loss 
C)  ​treat him for iron-deficiency anemia 
D)  ​prevent osteoporosis 
E)  ​eliminate excess potassium from his diet 
A)  ​lower his blood cholesterol levels 
B)  ​prevent PEM and weight loss 
C)  ​treat him for iron-deficiency anemia 
D)  ​prevent osteoporosis 
E)  ​eliminate excess potassium from his diet

Question 11

Matching​
-struvite

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Question 12

Recovery from kidney injury may begin with a period of diuresis and a patient's fluid status should be monitored closely.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products.
​
-Mr. Bradley's comprehension of the need for a lower-phosphorus diet is reflected by which statement?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​"I will need to eat fewer fatty meats." 
B)  ​"I will need to avoid legumes." 
C)  ​"I will need to limit dairy products." 
D)  ​"I can eat all the bread I want." 
E)  ​"Becoming a vegetarian would best meet my protein needs." 
A)  ​"I will need to eat fewer fatty meats." 
B)  ​"I will need to avoid legumes." 
C)  ​"I will need to limit dairy products." 
D)  ​"I can eat all the bread I want." 
E)  ​"Becoming a vegetarian would best meet my protein needs."

Question 14

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a sharply increased risk of heart disease and stroke.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Individuals on peritoneal dialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A glomerular filtration rate < 29 indicates kidney failure and the need for dialysis.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome helps to prevent protein-energy malnutrition and alleviate edema.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Laboratory findings associated with acute kidney injury include abnormal levels of serum electrolytes and _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​elevated WBC count 
B)  ​glycosuria 
C)  ​elevated BUN 
D)  ​positive bacterial culture 
E)  ​elevated GFR 
A)  ​elevated WBC count 
B)  ​glycosuria 
C)  ​elevated BUN 
D)  ​positive bacterial culture 
E)  ​elevated GFR

Question 19

A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse instructs him to consume plenty of fluids, but advises against drinking _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​apple juice 
B)  ​coffee 
C)  ​tea 
D)  ​draft beer 
E)  ​orange juice 
A)  ​apple juice 
B)  ​coffee 
C)  ​tea 
D)  ​draft beer 
E)  ​orange juice

Question 20

Matching​
-dialyzer

Accepted Answer

A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food 
A) ​the rate at which filtrate is formed within the kidneys 
B) a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion​ 
C) ​the substances that pass through the glomerulus and travel through the nephron's tubules, eventually forming urine 
D) ​the waste product of creatine, a nitrogen-containing compound in muscle cells that supplies energy for muscle contraction 
E) ​a syndrome caused by significant urinary protein losses (more than 3 to 31⁄2 grams daily), as a result of severe glomerular damage
F)​increased urine production
G)​defined as a urine output that is less than about 50 to 75 mL/day
H)​low plasma albumin concentrations
I)​crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate
J)​an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease in which dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life
K)​a cuplike component of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate that is passed to the tubules
L)​removal of fluids and solutes from the blood by using pressure to transfer the blood across a semipermeable membrane
M)​a genetic disorder characterized by the elevated urinary excretion of several amino acids, including cystine
N)​the rapid decline of kidney function over a period of hours or days
O)​a machine used in hemodialysis to filter the blood
P)​accumulation of nitrogenous and various other waste products in the blood
Q)​the infusion of nutrients during hemodialysis, often providing amino acids, dextrose, lipids, and some trace minerals
R)​a high number of kcalories per unit weight of food

Matching -glomerular filtration rate

One potential complication of hemodialysis is _____.

Which immunosuppressant drug would most likely be administered to a patient following a kidney transplant?

The most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis is _____.

Describe special dietary considerations for a patient who has had a kidney transplant.

Prostate cancer is an intrarenal factor that can cause acute kidney injury.

In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to _____.

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine stones.

Matching -struvite

Recovery from kidney injury may begin with a period of diuresis and a patient's fluid status should be monitored closely.

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a sharply increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

Individuals on peritoneal dialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

A glomerular filtration rate < 29 indicates kidney failure and the need for dialysis.

The medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome helps to prevent protein-energy malnutrition and alleviate edema.

Laboratory findings associated with acute kidney injury include abnormal levels of serum electrolytes and _____.

A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse instructs him to consume plenty of fluids, but advises against drinking _____.

Matching -dialyzer

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Matching​ -glomerular filtration rate

One potential complication of hemodialysis is _____.​

Which immunosuppressant drug would most likely be administered to a patient following a kidney transplant?​

The most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis is _____.​

Describe special dietary considerations for a patient who has had a kidney transplant.

Prostate cancer is an intrarenal factor that can cause acute kidney injury.​

In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to _____.​

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine stones.​

Matching​ -struvite

Recovery from kidney injury may begin with a period of diuresis and a patient's fluid status should be monitored closely.​

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a sharply increased risk of heart disease and stroke.​

Individuals on peritoneal dialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.​

A glomerular filtration rate < 29 indicates kidney failure and the need for dialysis.​

The medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome helps to prevent protein-energy malnutrition and alleviate edema.​

Laboratory findings associated with acute kidney injury include abnormal levels of serum electrolytes and _____.​

A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse instructs him to consume plenty of fluids, but advises against drinking _____.​

Matching​ -dialyzer

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Matching -glomerular filtration rate

One potential complication of hemodialysis is _____.

Which immunosuppressant drug would most likely be administered to a patient following a kidney transplant?

The most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis is _____.

Prostate cancer is an intrarenal factor that can cause acute kidney injury.

In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to _____.

Describe the appropriate dietary treatment for different types of kidney stones, including calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine stones.

Matching -struvite

Recovery from kidney injury may begin with a period of diuresis and a patient's fluid status should be monitored closely.

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a sharply increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

Individuals on peritoneal dialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

A glomerular filtration rate < 29 indicates kidney failure and the need for dialysis.

The medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome helps to prevent protein-energy malnutrition and alleviate edema.

Laboratory findings associated with acute kidney injury include abnormal levels of serum electrolytes and _____.

A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse instructs him to consume plenty of fluids, but advises against drinking _____.

Matching -dialyzer