Question 1

Why was the Vendée region such a source of concern for the French government in 1793?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 2

Who was known as the "incorruptible" leader of the Committee of Public Safety?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jacques-Louis David 
B)  Maximilien Robespierre 
C)  Georges-Jacques Danton 
D)  Jean-Paul Marat 
A)  Jacques-Louis David 
B)  Maximilien Robespierre 
C)  Georges-Jacques Danton 
D)  Jean-Paul Marat

Question 3

When Louis fired Jacques Necker, his finance minister, many people believed the king

Accepted Answer

A)  would purge all corrupt officials so that reform could begin. 
B)  could not avoid national bankruptcy despite desperate financial retrenchment. 
C)  intended to dismiss the National Assembly and end all reforms. 
D)  was showing his commitment to reform by dismissing the universally hated Necker. 
A)  would purge all corrupt officials so that reform could begin. 
B)  could not avoid national bankruptcy despite desperate financial retrenchment. 
C)  intended to dismiss the National Assembly and end all reforms. 
D)  was showing his commitment to reform by dismissing the universally hated Necker.

Question 4

Why did the revolutionaries' decision to take over the education of boys and girls ultimately fail?

Accepted Answer

A)  They removed the Catholic clergy who had been teachers but did not have other teachers ready to take their place. 
B)  Political indoctrination took the place of subjects such as math, grammar, and history. 
C)  Only families able to pay school fees could send their children to state schools. 
D)  Education was restricted to the children of proven revolutionaries and veterans. 
A)  They removed the Catholic clergy who had been teachers but did not have other teachers ready to take their place. 
B)  Political indoctrination took the place of subjects such as math, grammar, and history. 
C)  Only families able to pay school fees could send their children to state schools. 
D)  Education was restricted to the children of proven revolutionaries and veterans.

Question 5

When the Estates General met in 1789, what did their first decision concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  The creation of a national bank of France 
B)  The role of the king in government 
C)  The crisis of the rising food shortage 
D)  The contentious issue of voting procedure 
A)  The creation of a national bank of France 
B)  The role of the king in government 
C)  The crisis of the rising food shortage 
D)  The contentious issue of voting procedure

Question 6

Why did France's entry into war with Austria in 1792 have an immediate radicalizing effect on the Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most French citizens had no desire to go to war against their great ally, so massive protests sprang up throughout the countryside attacking revolutionary leaders. 
B)  Realizing they had Austria behind them, millions of French citizens joined a huge counterrevolutionary movement in support of the monarchy. 
C)  When the French armies proved dreadfully unprepared for battle, the authority of the Assembly was challenged, and angry crowds instigated more radical political change. 
D)  With the support of the Austrian army, Louis XVI made another unsuccessful escape attempt, leading revolutionaries to call for his execution. 
A)  Most French citizens had no desire to go to war against their great ally, so massive protests sprang up throughout the countryside attacking revolutionary leaders. 
B)  Realizing they had Austria behind them, millions of French citizens joined a huge counterrevolutionary movement in support of the monarchy. 
C)  When the French armies proved dreadfully unprepared for battle, the authority of the Assembly was challenged, and angry crowds instigated more radical political change. 
D)  With the support of the Austrian army, Louis XVI made another unsuccessful escape attempt, leading revolutionaries to call for his execution.

Question 7

The Directory regime, which came to power in 1795 after the fall of Robespierre, was known for

Accepted Answer

A)  its tenuous hold on power and the more relaxed atmosphere it supported within French society after the oppressive years of Robespierre's rule. 
B)  its attempts to resurrect the policies and memory of Robespierre through an even more oppressive crackdown on "subversive acts." 
C)  its complete indifference to revolutionary ideals and its return to an Old Regime atmosphere of luxury and extravagance. 
D)  its desire to end the continental war in Europe and renew diplomatic relations with Austria and Prussia. 
A)  its tenuous hold on power and the more relaxed atmosphere it supported within French society after the oppressive years of Robespierre's rule. 
B)  its attempts to resurrect the policies and memory of Robespierre through an even more oppressive crackdown on "subversive acts." 
C)  its complete indifference to revolutionary ideals and its return to an Old Regime atmosphere of luxury and extravagance. 
D)  its desire to end the continental war in Europe and renew diplomatic relations with Austria and Prussia.

Question 8

What new reforms resulted after the sans-culottes attacked the Tuileries in August, 1792?

Accepted Answer

A)  The legislature ordered elections for a constitutional convention and instituted universal male suffrage; when the National Convention met, it abolished the monarchy and established a republic. 
B)  The National Assembly outlawed the Catholic church, instituted mandatory secular elementary education for all children, and ended peasant taxes to landlords. 
C)  The legislature instituted vast reforms of the economic system, including making the tax code more equitable and providing agricultural subsidies to farmers. 
D)  Confronted by the threat of an Austrian invasion, the legislature instituted a constitutional monarchy along the lines of Great Britain, with most power residing in the Assembly. 
A)  The legislature ordered elections for a constitutional convention and instituted universal male suffrage; when the National Convention met, it abolished the monarchy and established a republic. 
B)  The National Assembly outlawed the Catholic church, instituted mandatory secular elementary education for all children, and ended peasant taxes to landlords. 
C)  The legislature instituted vast reforms of the economic system, including making the tax code more equitable and providing agricultural subsidies to farmers. 
D)  Confronted by the threat of an Austrian invasion, the legislature instituted a constitutional monarchy along the lines of Great Britain, with most power residing in the Assembly.

Question 9

What country disappeared from the map of Europe after Russia divided its territory with Austria and Prussia in 1795?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poland 
B)  Sweden 
C)  Saxony 
D)  Hungary 
A)  Poland 
B)  Sweden 
C)  Saxony 
D)  Hungary

Question 10

Why did Charlotte Corday assassinate Jean-Paul Marat in July 1793?

Accepted Answer

A)  She believed that his death would rid the Revolution of an obstructionist who had opposed radical reform. 
B)  She believed that she was carrying out the will of God by punishing Marat for his plans to de-Christianize France. 
C)  She believed that she was avenging innocent Girondins who had been executed because Marat had called for their heads. 
D)  She believed that Marat had engineered the arrest and execution of Georges-Jacques Danton and his followers. 
A)  She believed that his death would rid the Revolution of an obstructionist who had opposed radical reform. 
B)  She believed that she was carrying out the will of God by punishing Marat for his plans to de-Christianize France. 
C)  She believed that she was avenging innocent Girondins who had been executed because Marat had called for their heads. 
D)  She believed that Marat had engineered the arrest and execution of Georges-Jacques Danton and his followers.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is supported by this map of France in the 1790s?
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Accepted Answer

A)  France lost a considerable amount of territory during this time. 
B)  France and Germany aligned with one another to form a Franco-German empire. 
C)  Many regions that were under French control were liberated during this time. 
D)  France expanded its territorial claims significantly during this time. 
A)  France lost a considerable amount of territory during this time. 
B)  France and Germany aligned with one another to form a Franco-German empire. 
C)  Many regions that were under French control were liberated during this time. 
D)  France expanded its territorial claims significantly during this time.

Question 12

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy of 1790, and what were its long-term effects?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 13

What was the cause of France's fiscal crisis in the late 1780s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Financial losses due to bad investments in international trade 
B)  Dwindling cash reserves due to several years of bad harvests and a rapidly growing population 
C)  Severe corruption at both the local and national levels, as aristocrats charged with tax collection skimmed funds from the coffers 
D)  A mounting deficit stemming from France's support of the colonies in the American War of Independence and compounded by its inadequate tax system 
A)  Financial losses due to bad investments in international trade 
B)  Dwindling cash reserves due to several years of bad harvests and a rapidly growing population 
C)  Severe corruption at both the local and national levels, as aristocrats charged with tax collection skimmed funds from the coffers 
D)  A mounting deficit stemming from France's support of the colonies in the American War of Independence and compounded by its inadequate tax system

Question 14

According to this map, what did the Neapolitan, Roman, and Helvetic Republics all have in common?
​
​
  ​

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these republics were part of the Holy Roman Empire. 
B)  These republics served as the model for the United States government. 
C)  All of these republics were established by revolutionary France. 
D)  Each of these republics gained their freedom from Germany by 1799. 
A)  All of these republics were part of the Holy Roman Empire. 
B)  These republics served as the model for the United States government. 
C)  All of these republics were established by revolutionary France. 
D)  Each of these republics gained their freedom from Germany by 1799.

Question 15

One of the major problems of the eighteenth-century French Revolution was that not everyone agreed on the Revolution's goals or on which social group's interests best represented the interests of the nation as a whole. Explain this problem as it appeared and reappeared in the various stages of the French Revolution (government under the pre-1789 monarchy, the National Assembly, the Committee of Public Safety, and the Directory). Do you think such conflicts were inevitable?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 16

For Europe, what was one lasting consequence of France's military campaigns of the 1790s?

Accepted Answer

A)  A new rivalry between Britain and Austria as each tried to seize French colonial holdings 
B)  The adoption of French language and culture by fervent reformers in Poland 
C)  A financial crisis caused by the collapse of the assignat paper currency 
D)  Massive casualties in wars inspired by the spread of revolutionary ideas 
A)  A new rivalry between Britain and Austria as each tried to seize French colonial holdings 
B)  The adoption of French language and culture by fervent reformers in Poland 
C)  A financial crisis caused by the collapse of the assignat paper currency 
D)  Massive casualties in wars inspired by the spread of revolutionary ideas

Question 17

In an attempt to appease the devout rural populace, how did the Committee of Public Safety institute an alternative to its campaign of de-Christianization?

Accepted Answer

A)  It replaced the secular Cult of Reason with the deistic Cult of the Supreme Being. 
B)  It arrested the campaign's most radical leaders as a show of solidarity with devout Catholics. 
C)  It reinstated many of the clerics who had refused to take the oath of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, declaring "silent acquiescence" an acceptable alternative. 
D)  It issued ordinances returning a good deal of church property to local parishes. 
A)  It replaced the secular Cult of Reason with the deistic Cult of the Supreme Being. 
B)  It arrested the campaign's most radical leaders as a show of solidarity with devout Catholics. 
C)  It reinstated many of the clerics who had refused to take the oath of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, declaring "silent acquiescence" an acceptable alternative. 
D)  It issued ordinances returning a good deal of church property to local parishes.

Question 18

Which of the following was an important catalyst for the Dutch Patriot revolt in 1787?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emperor Joseph II's attempt to institute anticlerical reforms as well as measures for administrative and judicial centralization 
B)  The decision of the Dutch stadholder to raise taxes on a wide range of commercial transactions 
C)  The example set in France when Louis XVI accepted the first French constitution 
D)  A rise in anti-British sentiment during the American War of Independence and opposition to the pro-British stadholder 
A)  Emperor Joseph II's attempt to institute anticlerical reforms as well as measures for administrative and judicial centralization 
B)  The decision of the Dutch stadholder to raise taxes on a wide range of commercial transactions 
C)  The example set in France when Louis XVI accepted the first French constitution 
D)  A rise in anti-British sentiment during the American War of Independence and opposition to the pro-British stadholder

Question 19

What was the role of the twelve-member Committee of Public Safety, created in 1793?

Accepted Answer

A)  To oversee the legislative affairs of the country while the Convention was in recess 
B)  To set the course for government and the war and coordinate the purge of unreliable officials 
C)  To run the new revolutionary tribunals that had been set up to purge all enemies of the Revolution 
D)  To oversee executions by guillotine and the confiscation of the property of traitors 
A)  To oversee the legislative affairs of the country while the Convention was in recess 
B)  To set the course for government and the war and coordinate the purge of unreliable officials 
C)  To run the new revolutionary tribunals that had been set up to purge all enemies of the Revolution 
D)  To oversee executions by guillotine and the confiscation of the property of traitors

Question 20

What was the significance of the event known as "the flight to Varennes"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It showed the effectiveness of the National Assembly's crackdown on the Catholic church, as huge numbers fled into exile at Varennes. 
B)  It demonstrated to the French public that Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette were traitors to the revolution, as the royal family had attempted to flee the country and gather resistance. 
C)  It revealed the weakness of the National Assembly, which could not keep the French nobility from fleeing the country in large numbers. 
D)  It enabled the National Assembly to create a standing army to crack down on peasant uprisings in the French countryside. 
A)  It showed the effectiveness of the National Assembly's crackdown on the Catholic church, as huge numbers fled into exile at Varennes. 
B)  It demonstrated to the French public that Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette were traitors to the revolution, as the royal family had attempted to flee the country and gather resistance. 
C)  It revealed the weakness of the National Assembly, which could not keep the French nobility from fleeing the country in large numbers. 
D)  It enabled the National Assembly to create a standing army to crack down on peasant uprisings in the French countryside.

Exam 19: The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Why was the Vendée region such a source of concern for the French government in 1793?

Who was known as the "incorruptible" leader of the Committee of Public Safety?

When Louis fired Jacques Necker, his finance minister, many people believed the king

Why did the revolutionaries' decision to take over the education of boys and girls ultimately fail?

When the Estates General met in 1789, what did their first decision concern?

Why did France's entry into war with Austria in 1792 have an immediate radicalizing effect on the Revolution?

The Directory regime, which came to power in 1795 after the fall of Robespierre, was known for

What new reforms resulted after the sans-culottes attacked the Tuileries in August, 1792?

What country disappeared from the map of Europe after Russia divided its territory with Austria and Prussia in 1795?

Why did Charlotte Corday assassinate Jean-Paul Marat in July 1793?

Which of the following statements is supported by this map of France in the 1790s? ​ ​ ​

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy of 1790, and what were its long-term effects?

What was the cause of France's fiscal crisis in the late 1780s?

According to this map, what did the Neapolitan, Roman, and Helvetic Republics all have in common? ​ ​ ​

For Europe, what was one lasting consequence of France's military campaigns of the 1790s?

In an attempt to appease the devout rural populace, how did the Committee of Public Safety institute an alternative to its campaign of de-Christianization?

Which of the following was an important catalyst for the Dutch Patriot revolt in 1787?

What was the role of the twelve-member Committee of Public Safety, created in 1793?

What was the significance of the event known as "the flight to Varennes"?

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

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Which of the following statements is supported by this map of France in the 1790s?

According to this map, what did the Neapolitan, Roman, and Helvetic Republics all have in common?