Question 1

Type 2 diabetes is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  too much insulin in the blood. 
B)  too little insulin in the blood. 
C)  too much glucagon in the blood. 
D)  too little glucagon in the blood. 
E)  receptors being insensitive to insulin. 
A)  too much insulin in the blood. 
B)  too little insulin in the blood. 
C)  too much glucagon in the blood. 
D)  too little glucagon in the blood. 
E)  receptors being insensitive to insulin.

Question 2

Using an example, describe how the endocrine and nervous systems work together to regulate bodily processes.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Nervous system may

Question 3

Why doesn't every cell in the body respond to every hormone circulating in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each cell has a limited number of protein channels that shuttle hormones through its membrane. 
B)  Not all hormones can diffuse through all cell membranes. 
C)  The concentration of some hormones is too low to stimulate every cell. 
D)  Each cell has specific surface receptors, which interact only with hormones that they recognize. 
E)  Although all hormones bind to all cell surfaces, some cells lack second messengers for expression. 
A)  Each cell has a limited number of protein channels that shuttle hormones through its membrane. 
B)  Not all hormones can diffuse through all cell membranes. 
C)  The concentration of some hormones is too low to stimulate every cell. 
D)  Each cell has specific surface receptors, which interact only with hormones that they recognize. 
E)  Although all hormones bind to all cell surfaces, some cells lack second messengers for expression.

Question 4

Prolactin is used to induce labor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: Adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

The Answer of regulates sodium excretion by the kidney and is...

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: stimulates milk production

Accepted Answer

The Answer of parathyroid hormone and melatonin and ADH and is...

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: helps body cope with stress

Accepted Answer

The Answer of calcitonin and ADH and glucagon and prolactin is...

Question 8

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  One causes hyperglycemia, whereas the other causes hypoglycemia. 
B)  One demonstrates protein breakdown, whereas the other demonstrates protein synthesis. 
C)  One leads to blindness, whereas the other leads to kidney disorder. 
D)  One has insulin hypersecretion, whereas the other has insulin hyposecretion. 
E)  One has insulin deficiency, whereas the other has insulin resistance. 
A)  One causes hyperglycemia, whereas the other causes hypoglycemia. 
B)  One demonstrates protein breakdown, whereas the other demonstrates protein synthesis. 
C)  One leads to blindness, whereas the other leads to kidney disorder. 
D)  One has insulin hypersecretion, whereas the other has insulin hyposecretion. 
E)  One has insulin deficiency, whereas the other has insulin resistance.

Question 9

Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating the liver to take up glucose. 
B)  inhibiting gluconeogenesis. 
C)  stimulating gluconeogenesis. 
D)  inhibiting fatty acid mobilization. 
E)  inhibiting amino acid mobilization. 
A)  stimulating the liver to take up glucose. 
B)  inhibiting gluconeogenesis. 
C)  stimulating gluconeogenesis. 
D)  inhibiting fatty acid mobilization. 
E)  inhibiting amino acid mobilization.

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: bone

Accepted Answer

The Answer of calcitonin and glucagon and ADH and prolactin is...

Question 11

In a signal transduction pathway involving calcium as a second messenger, what binds the calcium to the effector?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phospholipase C 
B)  Adenylyl cyclase 
C)  Calmodulin 
D)  Protein kinase 
E)  Diacylglycerol 
A)  Phospholipase C 
B)  Adenylyl cyclase 
C)  Calmodulin 
D)  Protein kinase 
E)  Diacylglycerol

Question 12

Briefly explain how a negative feedback mechanism regulates the function of the parathyroid glands.

Accepted Answer

The parathyroid regulates the calcium co

Question 13

Which of the following is a modified fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandin 
B)  Cyclic AMP 
C)  Thyroid hormone 
D)  Epinephrine 
E)  Melatonin 
A)  Prostaglandin 
B)  Cyclic AMP 
C)  Thyroid hormone 
D)  Epinephrine 
E)  Melatonin

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: Ovary

Accepted Answer

The Answer of produces male secondary sex characteristics and prepares is...

Question 15

Figure 49-2 ​
 
​
The second messenger for the hormone mechanism in the accompanying figure is

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  G protein. 
C)  cAMP. 
D)  calmodulin. 
E)  Ca2+. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  G protein. 
C)  cAMP. 
D)  calmodulin. 
E)  Ca2+.

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: decreases blood calcium concentration

Accepted Answer

The Answer of prolactin and melatonin and oxytocin and calcitonin is...

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: liver, adipose tissue

Accepted Answer

The Answer of glucagon and calcitonin and ADH and epinephrine is...

Question 18

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Chemically, the simplest hormones are the ____ group of hormones.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid derivatives 
B)  steroid 
C)  amino acid derivatives 
D)  peptide 
E)  protein 
A)  fatty acid derivatives 
B)  steroid 
C)  amino acid derivatives 
D)  peptide 
E)  protein

Question 20

Steroid hormones bind with G-protein linked receptors in plasma membranes of target cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 49: Endocrine Regulation

Type 2 diabetes is caused by

Using an example, describe how the endocrine and nervous systems work together to regulate bodily processes.

Why doesn't every cell in the body respond to every hormone circulating in the bloodstream?

Prolactin is used to induce labor.

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by

In a signal transduction pathway involving calcium as a second messenger, what binds the calcium to the effector?

Briefly explain how a negative feedback mechanism regulates the function of the parathyroid glands.

Which of the following is a modified fatty acid?

Figure 49-2 ​ ​ The second messenger for the hormone mechanism in the accompanying figure is

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Chemically, the simplest hormones are the ____ group of hormones.

Steroid hormones bind with G-protein linked receptors in plasma membranes of target cells.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 49-2 The second messenger for the hormone mechanism in the accompanying figure is