Question 1

Polyploidy:

Accepted Answer

A)  may be the result of more than one sperm fertilizing an egg 
B)  is not lethal in humans 
C)  may be the result of the failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis 
D)  can be due to nondisjunction for a chromosome 
E)  is the mechanism of dosage compensation 
A)  may be the result of more than one sperm fertilizing an egg 
B)  is not lethal in humans 
C)  may be the result of the failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis 
D)  can be due to nondisjunction for a chromosome 
E)  is the mechanism of dosage compensation

Question 2

Compare the following three terms: polyploidy, aneuploidy, and nondisjunction. Briefly discuss examples of each of these conditions.

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy is the condition in which an

Question 3

Human genetics can be most effectively studied using:

Accepted Answer

A)  offspring raised under controlled conditions 
B)  experimental matings between true-breeding strains 
C)  controlled matings 
D)  population studies of large extended families 
E)  population studies of small extended families 
A)  offspring raised under controlled conditions 
B)  experimental matings between true-breeding strains 
C)  controlled matings 
D)  population studies of large extended families 
E)  population studies of small extended families

Question 4

Persons having an XO karyotype are sterile females. They have ____ syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner 
B)  Klinefelter 
C)  Down (trisomy form) 
D)  Phenylketonuria 
E)  Down (translocation form) 
A)  Turner 
B)  Klinefelter 
C)  Down (trisomy form) 
D)  Phenylketonuria 
E)  Down (translocation form)

Question 5

Geneticists study pedigrees in order to predict how traits determined by phenotype are inherited from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An advantage of chorionic villus sampling (compared with amniocentesis) is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  chorionic villus sampling detects a much wider range of genetic defects than does amniocentesis. 
B)  chorionic villus sampling is much less expensive than is amniocentesis. 
C)  chorionic villus sampling is much less invasive than amniocentesis. 
D)  chorionic villus sampling is much easier to perform than amniocentesis. 
E)  chorionic villus sampling can be performed much earlier than amniocentesis. 
A)  chorionic villus sampling detects a much wider range of genetic defects than does amniocentesis. 
B)  chorionic villus sampling is much less expensive than is amniocentesis. 
C)  chorionic villus sampling is much less invasive than amniocentesis. 
D)  chorionic villus sampling is much easier to perform than amniocentesis. 
E)  chorionic villus sampling can be performed much earlier than amniocentesis.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: Jacobsen syndrome, in which part of chromosome 11 is missing

Accepted Answer

The Answer of insertion and fragile site and translocation and is...

Question 8

Autosomal monosomy is not seen in live births because:

Accepted Answer

A)  its effects are so small as to be overlooked. 
B)  its effects do not set in until adulthood. 
C)  its effects are so lethal as to cause spontaneous abortion early in pregnancy. 
D)  it only occurs in sex chromosomes and therefore does affect nonreproductive function. 
E)  the births lead to the establishment of a clone of abnormal cells. 
A)  its effects are so small as to be overlooked. 
B)  its effects do not set in until adulthood. 
C)  its effects are so lethal as to cause spontaneous abortion early in pregnancy. 
D)  it only occurs in sex chromosomes and therefore does affect nonreproductive function. 
E)  the births lead to the establishment of a clone of abnormal cells.

Question 9

Maternal PKU can result in serious effects in fetuses. This problem occurs because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fetus is homozygous for PKU and therefore cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
B)  the fetus is usually homozygous dominant and therefore has PKU. 
C)  the mother is heterozygous for PKU and therefore cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
D)  the mother is homozygous dominant for PKU and cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
E)  the mother is homozygous recessive for PKU and cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
A)  the fetus is homozygous for PKU and therefore cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
B)  the fetus is usually homozygous dominant and therefore has PKU. 
C)  the mother is heterozygous for PKU and therefore cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
D)  the mother is homozygous dominant for PKU and cannot metabolize phenylalanine. 
E)  the mother is homozygous recessive for PKU and cannot metabolize phenylalanine.

Question 10

Figure 16-2
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. Based on the phenotypes of the third generation, the genotype of the father in the second generation must be:

Accepted Answer

A)  homozygous for albinism 
B)  heterozygous for hair color 
C)  heterozygous for albinism 
D)  X-linked 
E)  dominant 
A)  homozygous for albinism 
B)  heterozygous for hair color 
C)  heterozygous for albinism 
D)  X-linked 
E)  dominant

Question 11

A fragile site:

Accepted Answer

A)  is found only on the X chromosome 
B)  occurs in only one of the sister chromatids 
C)  is associated with cancerous cells 
D)  is usually not inherited 
E)  is the result of genomic imprinting 
A)  is found only on the X chromosome 
B)  occurs in only one of the sister chromatids 
C)  is associated with cancerous cells 
D)  is usually not inherited 
E)  is the result of genomic imprinting

Question 12

Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) ____ disease that results in blindness, intellectual disability, and death due to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-linked; the absence of one of the sex chromosomes 
B)  autosomal recessive; accumulation of lipids in brain cells 
C)  X-linked; accumulation of acetyltransferases in brain cells 
D)  autosomal; sickled red blood cells 
E)  autosomal dominant; accumulation of mucus in the lungs 
A)  sex-linked; the absence of one of the sex chromosomes 
B)  autosomal recessive; accumulation of lipids in brain cells 
C)  X-linked; accumulation of acetyltransferases in brain cells 
D)  autosomal; sickled red blood cells 
E)  autosomal dominant; accumulation of mucus in the lungs

Question 13

Which statement accurately characterizes an ethical consideration surrounding human genetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonrelatives are more likely than relatives to carry the same harmful alleles. 
B)  Genetic discrimination is not yet possible, even with all the known effects of genetic information. 
C)  In the current ethical climate, genetic privacy is not a significant concern. 
D)  Consanguineous matings are prohibited by half of U.S. states due to the increased risk of autosomal recessive alleles. 
E)  Most insurance companies have instituted policies against keeping genetic information on their policy holders. 
A)  Nonrelatives are more likely than relatives to carry the same harmful alleles. 
B)  Genetic discrimination is not yet possible, even with all the known effects of genetic information. 
C)  In the current ethical climate, genetic privacy is not a significant concern. 
D)  Consanguineous matings are prohibited by half of U.S. states due to the increased risk of autosomal recessive alleles. 
E)  Most insurance companies have instituted policies against keeping genetic information on their policy holders.

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: defect in amino acid metabolism

Accepted Answer

The Answer of cystic fibrosis and hemophilia A and sickle is...

Question 15

Why has the dominant mutant allele for Huntington's disease been able to persist in human populations despite its devastating effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a heterozygote advantage. 
B)  Its symptoms do not typically show until after the individual has had children. 
C)  Its effects are not expressed in heterozygous individuals. 
D)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous recessive individuals. 
E)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous dominant individuals. 
A)  It has a heterozygote advantage. 
B)  Its symptoms do not typically show until after the individual has had children. 
C)  Its effects are not expressed in heterozygous individuals. 
D)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous recessive individuals. 
E)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous dominant individuals.

Question 16

In genomic imprinting:

Accepted Answer

A)  a gene is imprinted in the progeny, depending upon the phenotype of the parent. 
B)  the expression of a gene depends on the parental phenotype. 
C)  a gene is imprinted in the progeny, depending upon the age of the parent. 
D)  the expression of a gene in the progeny depends upon which parent the gene is inherited from. 
E)  only dominant traits are expressed. 
A)  a gene is imprinted in the progeny, depending upon the phenotype of the parent. 
B)  the expression of a gene depends on the parental phenotype. 
C)  a gene is imprinted in the progeny, depending upon the age of the parent. 
D)  the expression of a gene in the progeny depends upon which parent the gene is inherited from. 
E)  only dominant traits are expressed.

Question 17

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is done:

Accepted Answer

A)  on cells of an in vitro fertilized embryo 
B)  in the womb, before birth 
C)  after a woman is pregnant, but before the embryo implants 
D)  with the help of ultrasound 
E)  before fertilization on the sperm and the egg 
A)  on cells of an in vitro fertilized embryo 
B)  in the womb, before birth 
C)  after a woman is pregnant, but before the embryo implants 
D)  with the help of ultrasound 
E)  before fertilization on the sperm and the egg

Question 18

Down syndrome is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  single base mutations 
B)  the presence of 47 chromosomes per somatic cell 
C)  increasing risk with younger maternal age 
D)  the presence of an extra chromosome 18 in each somatic cell 
E)  the same symptoms observed in each individual 
A)  single base mutations 
B)  the presence of 47 chromosomes per somatic cell 
C)  increasing risk with younger maternal age 
D)  the presence of an extra chromosome 18 in each somatic cell 
E)  the same symptoms observed in each individual

Question 19

Identify and briefly describe the potential disadvantages of gene therapy.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Possible allergic

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: abnormality in a blood clotting protein

Accepted Answer

The Answer of phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs disease and cystic fibrosis is...

Exam 16: Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Polyploidy:

Compare the following three terms: polyploidy, aneuploidy, and nondisjunction. Briefly discuss examples of each of these conditions.

Human genetics can be most effectively studied using:

Persons having an XO karyotype are sterile females. They have ____ syndrome.

Geneticists study pedigrees in order to predict how traits determined by phenotype are inherited from one generation to the next.

An advantage of chorionic villus sampling (compared with amniocentesis) is that:

Autosomal monosomy is not seen in live births because:

Maternal PKU can result in serious effects in fetuses. This problem occurs because:

Figure 16-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. Based on the phenotypes of the third generation, the genotype of the father in the second generation must be:

A fragile site:

Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) ____ disease that results in blindness, intellectual disability, and death due to ____.

Which statement accurately characterizes an ethical consideration surrounding human genetics?

Why has the dominant mutant allele for Huntington's disease been able to persist in human populations despite its devastating effects?

In genomic imprinting:

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is done:

Down syndrome is characterized by:

Identify and briefly describe the potential disadvantages of gene therapy.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) disease that results in blindness, intellectual disability, and death due to .