Question 1

Under which of the following situations would receptor downregulation most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of G proteins is too high. 
B)  The concentration of a hormone is too high. 
C)  The cell is unable to manufacture cyclic AMP. 
D)  The concentration of a neurotransmitter is too low. 
E)  The number of receptors in the plasma membrane is too low. 
A)  The number of G proteins is too high. 
B)  The concentration of a hormone is too high. 
C)  The cell is unable to manufacture cyclic AMP. 
D)  The concentration of a neurotransmitter is too low. 
E)  The number of receptors in the plasma membrane is too low.

Question 2

In the cAMP signal transduction pathway, a protein kinase is activated. What happens next?

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein is activated. 
B)  GDP is replaced by GTP. 
C)  cAMP is converted to ATP. 
D)  Adenylyl cyclase is activated. 
E)  The protein kinase activates a cellular response. 
A)  G protein is activated. 
B)  GDP is replaced by GTP. 
C)  cAMP is converted to ATP. 
D)  Adenylyl cyclase is activated. 
E)  The protein kinase activates a cellular response.

Question 3

Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the reaction in which

Accepted Answer

A)  PIP2 is split. 
B)  ATP is converted to cAMP. 
C)  GTP is converted to GDP. 
D)  a protein is phosphorylated. 
E)  calcium ions bind calmodulin. 
A)  PIP2 is split. 
B)  ATP is converted to cAMP. 
C)  GTP is converted to GDP. 
D)  a protein is phosphorylated. 
E)  calcium ions bind calmodulin.

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: Sodium ions enter the cell.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of G protein-linked receptor and Enzyme-linked receptor and is...

Question 5

What type of chemical compound diffuses across synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons 
B)  Hormones 
C)  Steroids 
D)  Prostaglandins 
E)  Neurotransmitters 
A)  Neurons 
B)  Hormones 
C)  Steroids 
D)  Prostaglandins 
E)  Neurotransmitters

Question 6

What is calmodulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A hormone 
B)  A phosphatase 
C)  A phospholipase 
D)  A protein kinase 
E)  A calcium-binding protein 
A)  A hormone 
B)  A phosphatase 
C)  A phospholipase 
D)  A protein kinase 
E)  A calcium-binding protein

Question 7

Insulin stimulates cells to take in glucose by facilitated diffusion, so the down regulation of insulin receptors increases the ability of cells to take in glucose. __________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What transmits information electrically and chemically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptors 
B)  Target cells 
C)  Neurons 
D)  Cell signaling 
E)  Hormones 
A)  Receptors 
B)  Target cells 
C)  Neurons 
D)  Cell signaling 
E)  Hormones

Question 9

If the cells are physically close to one another, a signaling molecule on one cell may combine with a _________ on another cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand 
B)  vacuole 
C)  peripheral membrane protein 
D)  receptor 
E)  membrane 
A)  ligand 
B)  vacuole 
C)  peripheral membrane protein 
D)  receptor 
E)  membrane

Question 10

The outer part of the enzyme-linked receptor has a binding site for a signaling molecule, and the part of the receptor that extends into the cytosol has a binding site for a specific G protein. 
 __________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP deactivates the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP 
B)  G protein 
C)  Ras protein 
D)  ligand-gated channel 
E)  protein kinase pathway 
A)  cAMP 
B)  G protein 
C)  Ras protein 
D)  ligand-gated channel 
E)  protein kinase pathway

Question 12

Compare the signal transduction pathway involving cAMP with that involving phospholipids.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Role of

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter opens ligand-gated sodium channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Ecdysone 
D)  Acetylcholine 
E)  Brassinosteroid 
A)  GABA 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Ecdysone 
D)  Acetylcholine 
E)  Brassinosteroid

Exam 6: Cell Communication

Under which of the following situations would receptor downregulation most likely occur?

In the cAMP signal transduction pathway, a protein kinase is activated. What happens next?

Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the reaction in which

What type of chemical compound diffuses across synapses?

What is calmodulin?

Insulin stimulates cells to take in glucose by facilitated diffusion, so the down regulation of insulin receptors increases the ability of cells to take in glucose. __________________

What transmits information electrically and chemically?

If the cells are physically close to one another, a signaling molecule on one cell may combine with a _________ on another cell.

The outer part of the enzyme-linked receptor has a binding site for a signaling molecule, and the part of the receptor that extends into the cytosol has a binding site for a specific G protein. __________________

The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP deactivates the ____.

Compare the signal transduction pathway involving cAMP with that involving phospholipids.

Which neurotransmitter opens ligand-gated sodium channels?

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Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

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Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

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An Introduction to Animal Diversity

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Reproduction in Flowering Plants

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Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

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The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

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Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

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