Question 1

Choanoflagellates are important in the study of cell communication evolution because choanoflagellates have

Accepted Answer

A)  protein kinases similar to those in animals. 
B)  G proteins different from those in prokaryotes. 
C)  signaling molecules similar to those of other protists. 
D)  signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria. 
E)  signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect. 
A)  protein kinases similar to those in animals. 
B)  G proteins different from those in prokaryotes. 
C)  signaling molecules similar to those of other protists. 
D)  signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria. 
E)  signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect.

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: Phosphate comes from ATP.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Ion channel-linked receptor and Enzyme-linked receptor and is...

Question 3

Using growth factor binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor as an example, explain the four main steps in cell signaling.

Accepted Answer

Cell signaling requires four mains steps

Question 4

Which statement about Ras proteins is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are G proteins. 
B)  They include MAP kinases. 
C)  They are active when bound to GTP. 
D)  They are inactivated when phosphorylated. 
E)  They are activated by tyrosine kinase receptors. 
A)  They are G proteins. 
B)  They include MAP kinases. 
C)  They are active when bound to GTP. 
D)  They are inactivated when phosphorylated. 
E)  They are activated by tyrosine kinase receptors.

Question 5

Describe the part of the cell where polar and nonpolar signaling molecules bind to their respective receptor. Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Polar signaling molecules bind membrane

Question 6

Which is an example of a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein kinase A 
B)  An ion channel 
C)  Cyclic AMP 
D)  GABA 
E)  Insulin 
A)  Protein kinase A 
B)  An ion channel 
C)  Cyclic AMP 
D)  GABA 
E)  Insulin

Question 7

Which statement about G protein is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its subunits can separate. 
B)  One subunit is a GTPase. 
C)  One subunit binds GTP. 
D)  One subunit binds GDP. 
E)  One subunit binds ATP. 
A)  Its subunits can separate. 
B)  One subunit is a GTPase. 
C)  One subunit binds GTP. 
D)  One subunit binds GDP. 
E)  One subunit binds ATP.

Question 8

What happens when Ras proteins become stuck in their "on" state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular responses are slowed down. 
B)  Additional ions are catalyzed. 
C)  There is unregulated cell division. 
D)  There is an increase in protein synthesis. 
E)  Ligand-gated channels close off the membrane. 
A)  Cellular responses are slowed down. 
B)  Additional ions are catalyzed. 
C)  There is unregulated cell division. 
D)  There is an increase in protein synthesis. 
E)  Ligand-gated channels close off the membrane.

Question 9

The following are different types of neurotransmitters EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  cyclic adenosine. 
E)  dopamine. 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  cyclic adenosine. 
E)  dopamine.

Question 10

When food is abundant , the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium secretes cAMP into the environment to signal the formation of a multicellular slug-shaped colony. 
 ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Where are calcium ions stored before a signaling pathway releases them into the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus 
B)  Ribosome 
C)  Lysosome 
D)  Plasma membrane 
E)  Endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  Nucleus 
B)  Ribosome 
C)  Lysosome 
D)  Plasma membrane 
E)  Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

During enzyme-linked reception, signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors. The receptor proteins move closer together in the plasma membrane and pair, forming a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gate 
B)  dimer 
C)  pathway 
D)  polypeptide chain 
E)  protein kinase cascade 
A)  gate 
B)  dimer 
C)  pathway 
D)  polypeptide chain 
E)  protein kinase cascade

Question 13

What is found between adjacent plant cells that allows signal molecules to pass quickly from one cell to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Plasmodesmata 
C)  Paracrine regulation 
D)  Neurotransmitters 
E)  Endocrine glands 
A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Plasmodesmata 
C)  Paracrine regulation 
D)  Neurotransmitters 
E)  Endocrine glands

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: Protein kinase sites are active.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of G protein-linked receptor and Enzyme-linked receptor and is...

Question 15

Most intracellular receptors are what type of protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  Steroids 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Neurotransmitters 
E)  Transcription factors 
A)  DNA 
B)  Steroids 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Neurotransmitters 
E)  Transcription factors

Question 16

Barbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility. 
 __________________ 
 ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When an enzyme-linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the IP3 pathway, what is the function of IP3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activates protein kinase C 
B)  Activates phospholipase C 
C)  Phosphorylates a protein 
D)  Binds calcium channels in the ER 
E)  Activates adenylyl cyclase 
A)  Activates protein kinase C 
B)  Activates phospholipase C 
C)  Phosphorylates a protein 
D)  Binds calcium channels in the ER 
E)  Activates adenylyl cyclase

Question 19

Compare local regulators, neurotransmitters, and hormones. Identify examples of each type of signaling molecule.

Accepted Answer

Local regulators facilitate communicatio

Question 20

Scaffold proteins organize groups of intracellular signaling kinases into signaling complexes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Cell Communication

Choanoflagellates are important in the study of cell communication evolution because choanoflagellates have

Using growth factor binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor as an example, explain the four main steps in cell signaling.

Which statement about Ras proteins is false ?

Describe the part of the cell where polar and nonpolar signaling molecules bind to their respective receptor. Explain your reasoning.

Which is an example of a second messenger?

Which statement about G protein is false ?

What happens when Ras proteins become stuck in their "on" state?

The following are different types of neurotransmitters EXCEPT

When food is abundant , the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium secretes cAMP into the environment to signal the formation of a multicellular slug-shaped colony. ​

Where are calcium ions stored before a signaling pathway releases them into the cytosol?

During enzyme-linked reception, signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors. The receptor proteins move closer together in the plasma membrane and pair, forming a(n) ____.

What is found between adjacent plant cells that allows signal molecules to pass quickly from one cell to another?

Most intracellular receptors are what type of protein?

Barbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility. __________________ ​

When an enzyme-linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases.

In the IP3 pathway, what is the function of IP3?

Compare local regulators, neurotransmitters, and hormones. Identify examples of each type of signaling molecule.

Scaffold proteins organize groups of intracellular signaling kinases into signaling complexes.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

When food is abundant , the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium secretes cAMP into the environment to signal the formation of a multicellular slug-shaped colony.

Barbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility. __________________

In the IP₃ pathway, what is the function of IP₃?