Question 1

The depth of the photic zone at the coastal shelf of marine habitats is

Accepted Answer

A)  100-200 m. 
B)  10-20 m. 
C)  about 1 m. 
D)  about 0.1 m. 
E)  about 2 m. 
A)  100-200 m. 
B)  10-20 m. 
C)  about 1 m. 
D)  about 0.1 m. 
E)  about 2 m.

Question 2

What does the following rarefaction curve NOT suggest about the samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  More soil sequences were collected. 
B)  Indoor air samples appear to be sequenced at enough depth. 
C)  Water samples were not sequenced at enough depth. 
D)  More sequencing should be done for these samples. 
E)  Soil samples were not sequenced at enough depth. 
A)  More soil sequences were collected. 
B)  Indoor air samples appear to be sequenced at enough depth. 
C)  Water samples were not sequenced at enough depth. 
D)  More sequencing should be done for these samples. 
E)  Soil samples were not sequenced at enough depth.

Question 3

Describe the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with copepods. How did sari cloth help decrease the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio cholerae is a mutualist on the su

Question 4

Which step is NOT common for metagenomic processing and analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  FISH 
B)  binning 
C)  functional annotation 
D)  contig assembly 
E)  scaffold assembly 
A)  FISH 
B)  binning 
C)  functional annotation 
D)  contig assembly 
E)  scaffold assembly

Question 5

Describe the initiation process for legume-rhizobium symbiosis.

Accepted Answer

The legume exudes signaling molecules ca

Question 6

Bacteria found growing in between crystals of solid bedrock as deep as 3 km below Earth's surface are called

Accepted Answer

A)  endophytes. 
B)  symbionts. 
C)  endoliths. 
D)  decomposers. 
E)  saprophytes. 
A)  endophytes. 
B)  symbionts. 
C)  endoliths. 
D)  decomposers. 
E)  saprophytes.

Question 7

Thousands of species of microbes in the cow ________ ferment and break down plant material to small particles.

Accepted Answer

A)  rumen 
B)  stomach 
C)  omasum 
D)  reticulum 
E)  intestine 
A)  rumen 
B)  stomach 
C)  omasum 
D)  reticulum 
E)  intestine

Question 8

The reactions on the right side of the following table occur only

Accepted Answer

A)  under thermophilic conditions. 
B)  under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  deep within Earth's crust. 
D)  under aerobic conditions. 
E)  in the euphotic zone. 
A)  under thermophilic conditions. 
B)  under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  deep within Earth's crust. 
D)  under aerobic conditions. 
E)  in the euphotic zone.

Question 9

Much of the microbial fermentation in humans occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach. 
B)  colon. 
C)  rumen. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  esophagus. 
A)  stomach. 
B)  colon. 
C)  rumen. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  esophagus.

Question 10

Lignin decomposition forms

Accepted Answer

A)  arbuscules. 
B)  detritus. 
C)  fruiting bodies. 
D)  humus. 
E)  rhizopus. 
A)  arbuscules. 
B)  detritus. 
C)  fruiting bodies. 
D)  humus. 
E)  rhizopus.

Question 11

The flame-like vertical forms and breakaway pieces of mat in ice-covered Antarctic lakes are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  limited light penetration in the lake. 
B)  denitrification. 
C)  sulfur-reducing bacteria. 
D)  oxygen production. 
E)  freeze-thaw cycles. 
A)  limited light penetration in the lake. 
B)  denitrification. 
C)  sulfur-reducing bacteria. 
D)  oxygen production. 
E)  freeze-thaw cycles.

Question 12

Describe the process of haustorial parasitism.

Accepted Answer

Some fungal pathogens generate specializ

Question 13

Which of the following are the main consumers of biomass in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellular organisms 
B)  fish and tube worms 
C)  protists and viruses 
D)  heterotrophic bacteria 
E)  fungi 
A)  multicellular organisms 
B)  fish and tube worms 
C)  protists and viruses 
D)  heterotrophic bacteria 
E)  fungi

Question 14

Which of the following plays an important role in keeping the water column clear enough for the penetration of light?

Accepted Answer

A)  algae 
B)  bacteria 
C)  fish 
D)  invertebrates 
E)  viruses 
A)  algae 
B)  bacteria 
C)  fish 
D)  invertebrates 
E)  viruses

Question 15

Explain the difference between assimilation and dissimilation.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation refers to processes by whic

Question 16

A graduate student filtered a liter of seawater using a Millipore filter membrane of 2 mm pore size. Her filtrate

Accepted Answer

A)  is sterile. 
B)  contains microplankton. 
C)  contains picoplankton. 
D)  contains nanoplankton. 
E)  contains all plankton. 
A)  is sterile. 
B)  contains microplankton. 
C)  contains picoplankton. 
D)  contains nanoplankton. 
E)  contains all plankton.

Question 17

Propose a method to measure biomass production in terms of DNA synthesis. What are the limitations?

Accepted Answer

The rate of DNA synthesis is determined

Question 18

Metatranscriptomics is the study of ________ obtained from an environmental community.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipids 
B)  proteins 
C)  organisms 
D)  DNA 
E)  RNA 
A)  lipids 
B)  proteins 
C)  organisms 
D)  DNA 
E)  RNA

Question 19

The algal and fungal interaction within a lichen would best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism. 
B)  synergism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  amensalism. 
E)  parasitism. 
A)  mutualism. 
B)  synergism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  amensalism. 
E)  parasitism.

Question 20

Bacteroids remain sequestered within a sac of plant-derived membrane known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  flavonoid. 
B)  infection thread. 
C)  Nod factor. 
D)  nucleosome. 
E)  symbiosome. 
A)  flavonoid. 
B)  infection thread. 
C)  Nod factor. 
D)  nucleosome. 
E)  symbiosome.

Exam 21: Microbial Ecology

The depth of the photic zone at the coastal shelf of marine habitats is

What does the following rarefaction curve NOT suggest about the samples?

Describe the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with copepods. How did sari cloth help decrease the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh?

Which step is NOT common for metagenomic processing and analysis?

Describe the initiation process for legume-rhizobium symbiosis.

Bacteria found growing in between crystals of solid bedrock as deep as 3 km below Earth's surface are called

Thousands of species of microbes in the cow ________ ferment and break down plant material to small particles.

The reactions on the right side of the following table occur only

Much of the microbial fermentation in humans occurs in the

Lignin decomposition forms

The flame-like vertical forms and breakaway pieces of mat in ice-covered Antarctic lakes are caused by

Describe the process of haustorial parasitism.

Which of the following are the main consumers of biomass in the ocean?

Which of the following plays an important role in keeping the water column clear enough for the penetration of light?

Explain the difference between assimilation and dissimilation.

A graduate student filtered a liter of seawater using a Millipore filter membrane of 2 mm pore size. Her filtrate

Propose a method to measure biomass production in terms of DNA synthesis. What are the limitations?

Metatranscriptomics is the study of ________ obtained from an environmental community.

The algal and fungal interaction within a lichen would best be described as

Bacteroids remain sequestered within a sac of plant-derived membrane known as the

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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