Question 1

Members of order ________ in the human gut may couple with methanogens to provide the hydrogen gas for methanogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Desulfurococcales 
B)  Thermococcales 
C)  Clostridiales 
D)  Rhizobiales 
E)  Enterobacteriales 
A)  Desulfurococcales 
B)  Thermococcales 
C)  Clostridiales 
D)  Rhizobiales 
E)  Enterobacteriales

Question 2

The coupling of energy-spending electron transfer via CO₂ reduction to an energy-yielding electron transfer via CoM-S-S-CoB reduction is called

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophy. 
B)  thermophily. 
C)  methanogenesis. 
D)  electron bifurcation. 
E)  methanotrophy. 
A)  autotrophy. 
B)  thermophily. 
C)  methanogenesis. 
D)  electron bifurcation. 
E)  methanotrophy.

Question 3

What are "vent polymerases," why are they better than previously used polymerases, and from where are they acquired?

Accepted Answer

Vent polymerases are DNA polymerases tha

Question 4

Why has Sulfolobus been studied so much more extensively than many archaea, and what is known about it?

Accepted Answer

Sulfolobus has been extensively studied

Question 5

What causes the black color emitted from black smokers?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia dissolution 
B)  steep temperature gradients 
C)  iron sulfide precipitation 
D)  elemental sulfur precipitation 
E)  denitrification 
A)  ammonia dissolution 
B)  steep temperature gradients 
C)  iron sulfide precipitation 
D)  elemental sulfur precipitation 
E)  denitrification

Question 6

In methanogenesis from CO₂ and H₂, ________ is hydrogenated and deoxygenated in a stepwise fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  methane 
C)  oxygen 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  carbon 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  methane 
C)  oxygen 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  carbon

Question 7

Archaeosine is a guanosine analog found in archaeal

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA. 
B)  mRNA. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  msRNA. 
E)  tRNA. 
A)  rRNA. 
B)  mRNA. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  msRNA. 
E)  tRNA.

Question 8

The Sulfolobales includes species that respire by oxidizing

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfate. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  methane. 
E)  sulfur. 
A)  sulfate. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  methane. 
E)  sulfur.

Question 9

Which of the following is a glycerol diphytanyl diether containing a six-membered cyclic ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crenarchaeol 
B)  Euryarchaeol 
C)  Nanoarchaeol 
D)  Korarchaeol 
E)  Methanoarchaeol 
A)  Crenarchaeol 
B)  Euryarchaeol 
C)  Nanoarchaeol 
D)  Korarchaeol 
E)  Methanoarchaeol

Question 10

Crenarchaeol is a biosignature for Thaumarchaeota. Describe its structure.

Accepted Answer

Crenarchaeol is found in all T

Question 11

What is the Ancient Archaeal Group and what is known about these organisms?

Accepted Answer

This is a deeply branching division of h

Question 12

Methanogens are classified within how many major orders?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  five 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  five

Question 13

If a species of Ferroplasma is cultured on pyrite ore, what will they do to their surrounding environment?

Accepted Answer

Ferroplasma use dissolved Fe³⁺ as an oxi

Question 14

Thermococcales can utilize elemental sulfur as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration, yielding ________ as a by-product.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2SO4 
B)  S0 
C)  H2S 
D)  thiosulfate 
E)  ammonia 
A)  H2SO4 
B)  S0 
C)  H2S 
D)  thiosulfate 
E)  ammonia

Question 15

Compare and contrast the supercoiling in hyperthermophilic archaeal species with bacteria and eukaryotes. What is responsible for this feature, and what does it accomplish for these archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and eukaryotes have negatively

Question 16

What is the function of the device shown in the following figure? Describe what major challenges this instrument overcomes.

Accepted Answer

The device is known as the "Deep Aquariu

Question 17

The ________ have/has such divergent SSU rRNA that its/their sequence fails to amplify with "standard" PCR primers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Crenarchaeota 
B)  Euryarchaeota 
C)  Thaumarchaeota 
D)  Ancient Archaeal Group 
E)  Haloarchaea 
A)  Crenarchaeota 
B)  Euryarchaeota 
C)  Thaumarchaeota 
D)  Ancient Archaeal Group 
E)  Haloarchaea

Question 18

Which of the following Crenarchaeota grows as disks linked by cannulae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aeropyrum pernix 
B)  Desulfurococcus mobilis 
C)  Ignicoccus islandicus 
D)  Thermosphaera aggregans 
E)  Pyrodictium brockii 
A)  Aeropyrum pernix 
B)  Desulfurococcus mobilis 
C)  Ignicoccus islandicus 
D)  Thermosphaera aggregans 
E)  Pyrodictium brockii

Question 19

If archaea are distinct from bacteria, why is the major haloarchaeal order called Halobacteriales, and why do most contain bacteriorhodopsin?

Accepted Answer

The order was named before the archaea w

Question 20

The exceptionally small cell in the image shown below is an obligate symbiont to another archaeon and a member of the genus

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaeoglobus. 
B)  Ignicoccus. 
C)  Pyrococcus. 
D)  Ferroplasma. 
E)  Nanoarchaeum. 
A)  Archaeoglobus. 
B)  Ignicoccus. 
C)  Pyrococcus. 
D)  Ferroplasma. 
E)  Nanoarchaeum.

Exam 19: Archaeal Diversity

Members of order ________ in the human gut may couple with methanogens to provide the hydrogen gas for methanogenesis.

The coupling of energy-spending electron transfer via CO₂ reduction to an energy-yielding electron transfer via CoM-S-S-CoB reduction is called

What are "vent polymerases," why are they better than previously used polymerases, and from where are they acquired?

Why has Sulfolobus been studied so much more extensively than many archaea, and what is known about it?

What causes the black color emitted from black smokers?

In methanogenesis from CO₂ and H₂, ________ is hydrogenated and deoxygenated in a stepwise fashion.

Archaeosine is a guanosine analog found in archaeal

The Sulfolobales includes species that respire by oxidizing

Which of the following is a glycerol diphytanyl diether containing a six-membered cyclic ring?

Crenarchaeol is a biosignature for Thaumarchaeota. Describe its structure.

What is the Ancient Archaeal Group and what is known about these organisms?

Methanogens are classified within how many major orders?

If a species of Ferroplasma is cultured on pyrite ore, what will they do to their surrounding environment?

Thermococcales can utilize elemental sulfur as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration, yielding ________ as a by-product.

Compare and contrast the supercoiling in hyperthermophilic archaeal species with bacteria and eukaryotes. What is responsible for this feature, and what does it accomplish for these archaea?

What is the function of the device shown in the following figure? Describe what major challenges this instrument overcomes.

The ________ have/has such divergent SSU rRNA that its/their sequence fails to amplify with "standard" PCR primers.

Which of the following Crenarchaeota grows as disks linked by cannulae?

If archaea are distinct from bacteria, why is the major haloarchaeal order called Halobacteriales, and why do most contain bacteriorhodopsin?

The exceptionally small cell in the image shown below is an obligate symbiont to another archaeon and a member of the genus

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

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Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

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