Question 1

Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission. What isotope is also produced by this transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pa-234 
B)  Th-237 
C)  Pu-237 
D)  Th-231 
E)  Pu-239 
A)  Pa-234 
B)  Th-237 
C)  Pu-237 
D)  Th-231 
E)  Pu-239

Question 2

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, 3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.029 yr 
B)  7.4 yr 
C)  9.1 yr 
D)  16 yr 
E)  35 yr 
A)  0.029 yr 
B)  7.4 yr 
C)  9.1 yr 
D)  16 yr 
E)  35 yr

Question 3

Beta particles are identical to

Accepted Answer

A)  protons. 
B)  helium atoms. 
C)  hydrogen atoms. 
D)  helium nuclei. 
E)  electrons. 
A)  protons. 
B)  helium atoms. 
C)  hydrogen atoms. 
D)  helium nuclei. 
E)  electrons.

Question 4

A pure sample of tritium, 3H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of 3H and 6.35 mol of 3He present?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.34 yr 
B)  3.38 yr 
C)  9.77 yr 
D)  14.1 yr 
E)  25.6 yr 
A)  2.34 yr 
B)  3.38 yr 
C)  9.77 yr 
D)  14.1 yr 
E)  25.6 yr

Question 5

A ________ ________ uses electric and magnetic fields to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur.

Accepted Answer

particle a

Question 6

A particle accelerator uses which of the following to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electromagnetic fields 
B)  Fission reaction 
C)  Gravitational field 
D)  Fusion reaction 
E)  Combustion reaction 
A)  Electromagnetic fields 
B)  Fission reaction 
C)  Gravitational field 
D)  Fusion reaction 
E)  Combustion reaction

Question 7

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0:   t = 25.0 s:   What is the half-life of A?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.25 s 
B)  18.8 s 
C)  25.0 s 
D)  50.0 s 
E)  60.2 s 
A)  6.25 s 
B)  18.8 s 
C)  25.0 s 
D)  50.0 s 
E)  60.2 s

Question 8

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.2 × 10-7 millirem 
B)  5.2 × 10-7 millirem 
C)  5.2 × 10-4 millirem 
D)  3.2 × 10-2 millirem 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  3.2 × 10-7 millirem 
B)  5.2 × 10-7 millirem 
C)  5.2 × 10-4 millirem 
D)  3.2 × 10-2 millirem 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 9

A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

Accepted Answer

A)  100 µm. 
B)  5000 mm. 
C)  100 nm. 
D)  5 × 10-3 pm. 
E)  500 pm. 
A)  100 µm. 
B)  5000 mm. 
C)  100 nm. 
D)  5 × 10-3 pm. 
E)  500 pm.

Question 10

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood. How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 5730 yr 
B)  Between 5730 and 11,460 yr 
C)  Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr 
D)  More than 17,190 yr 
A)  Less than 5730 yr 
B)  Between 5730 and 11,460 yr 
C)  Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr 
D)  More than 17,190 yr

Question 11

When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. Which particular isotope of this element is formed?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 12

Which type of radiation is the most dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protons 
B)  Neutrons 
C)  Alpha 
D)  Beta 
E)  Gamma 
A)  Protons 
B)  Neutrons 
C)  Alpha 
D)  Beta 
E)  Gamma

Question 13

The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 109 yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is

Accepted Answer

A)  8.1 × 10-10 yr. 
B)  2.4 × 109 yr. 
C)  2.8 × 109 yr. 
D)  4.6 × 109 yr. 
E)  6.8 × 109 yr. 
A)  8.1 × 10-10 yr. 
B)  2.4 × 109 yr. 
C)  2.8 × 109 yr. 
D)  4.6 × 109 yr. 
E)  6.8 × 109 yr.

Question 14

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 220Rn → ? + alpha particle

Accepted Answer

A)  Ra-224 
B)  Rn-224 
C)  Rn-216 
D)  At-220 
E)  Po-216 
A)  Ra-224 
B)  Rn-224 
C)  Rn-216 
D)  At-220 
E)  Po-216

Question 15

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40?   (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1;
C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.33 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
B)  5.33 × 10-11 J/nucleon 
C)  5.64 × 10-11 J/nucleon 
D)  1.41 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
E)  2.97 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
A)  1.33 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
B)  5.33 × 10-11 J/nucleon 
C)  5.64 × 10-11 J/nucleon 
D)  1.41 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
E)  2.97 × 10-12 J/nucleon

Question 16

A gamma particle has a charge of -1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions is called a ________ ________ ________.

Accepted Answer

nuclear ch

Question 18

Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus (mass number > 200) divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more protons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  (40Ca) 
B)  (32S) 
C)  (30Al) 
D)  (55Mn) 
E)  (119Sn) 
A)  (40Ca) 
B)  (32S) 
C)  (30Al) 
D)  (55Mn) 
E)  (119Sn)

Question 20

Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission. What isotope is also produced by this transformation?

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium, 3H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

Beta particles are identical to

A pure sample of tritium, 3H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of 3H and 6.35 mol of 3He present?

A ________ ________ uses electric and magnetic fields to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur.

A particle accelerator uses which of the following to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur?

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: t = 25.0 s: What is the half-life of A?

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood. How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. Which particular isotope of this element is formed?

Which type of radiation is the most dangerous to humans?

The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 109 yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 220Rn → ? + alpha particle

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40? (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

A gamma particle has a charge of -1.

A self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions is called a ________ ________ ________.

Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus (mass number > 200) divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more protons.

Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable?

Gamma rays are not deflected by an electric field.

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Filters

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium,³H, content 60% that of freshly bottled wine. Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

A pure sample of tritium, ³H, was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years. Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years. How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of ³H and 6.35 mol of ³He present?

A uses electric and magnetic fields to increase the kinetic energy of charged species so that a reaction will occur.

A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 10⁷ β particles, each with an energy of 4.60 × 10^-13 J. If the RBE = 0.78, how many millirem did the child receive?

The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 10⁹ yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²²⁰Rn → ? + alpha particle

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ mol^-1; C = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)

A self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions is called a .