Question 1

The dose unit of ionizing radiation is called the rad. The rad is defined in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  the half-life of a radioisotope. 
B)  the energy deposited per gram of an object. 
C)  the biological damage produced. 
D)  the accumulation of fission products. 
E)  the number of ions per centimeter. 
A)  the half-life of a radioisotope. 
B)  the energy deposited per gram of an object. 
C)  the biological damage produced. 
D)  the accumulation of fission products. 
E)  the number of ions per centimeter.

Question 2

Which of the following type(s) of radiation is/are detected by a Geiger counter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beta particles 
B)  Alpha particles 
C)  Gamma rays 
D)  Beta particles and gamma rays 
E)  Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays 
A)  Beta particles 
B)  Alpha particles 
C)  Gamma rays 
D)  Beta particles and gamma rays 
E)  Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays

Question 3

The energy released by the sun is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  natural radioactivity. 
B)  nuclear fusion. 
C)  combustion of hydrogen. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  nuclear fission. 
A)  natural radioactivity. 
B)  nuclear fusion. 
C)  combustion of hydrogen. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  nuclear fission.

Question 4

All isotopes of elements with atomic numbers higher than 83 (Bi) are radioactive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of uranium-234?   [1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s]

Accepted Answer

A)  2.75 × 10-10 J/nucleon 
B)  3.04 × 10-10 J/nucleon 
C)  1.38 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
D)  1.27 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
E)  1.18 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
A)  2.75 × 10-10 J/nucleon 
B)  3.04 × 10-10 J/nucleon 
C)  1.38 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
D)  1.27 × 10-12 J/nucleon 
E)  1.18 × 10-12 J/nucleon

Question 6

What causes the radiation damage to matter when gamma rays damages it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Another isotope 
B)  Oxidation 
C)  Reduction 
D)  Free radicals and ions 
E)  Corrosion 
A)  Another isotope 
B)  Oxidation 
C)  Reduction 
D)  Free radicals and ions 
E)  Corrosion

Question 7

What role does cadmium metal (Cd) play in a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slows down the fission neutrons (moderator) 
B)  Transfers heat from the reactor to the heat exchanger (primary coolant) 
C)  Controls chain reaction (control rods) 
D)  Transfers heat from the condenser to the environment (cooling tower) 
E)  Undergoes fission (fuel rods) 
A)  Slows down the fission neutrons (moderator) 
B)  Transfers heat from the reactor to the heat exchanger (primary coolant) 
C)  Controls chain reaction (control rods) 
D)  Transfers heat from the condenser to the environment (cooling tower) 
E)  Undergoes fission (fuel rods)

Question 8

An 85-kg person exposed to barium-141 receives 2.5 × 105 β particles, each with an energy of 5.2 × 10-13 J. How many rads does the person receive? (1 rad = 1 × 10-5 J/g)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.4 × 10-20 rads 
B)  1.5 × 10-7 rads 
C)  1.8 × 10-16 rads 
D)  6.1 × 10-15 rads 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  2.4 × 10-20 rads 
B)  1.5 × 10-7 rads 
C)  1.8 × 10-16 rads 
D)  6.1 × 10-15 rads 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 9

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.00250 mol of calcium-39 decays? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10-13 J)

Accepted Answer

A)  13.2 kJ 
B)  1.32 × 104 kJ 
C)  1.32 × 106 kJ 
D)  1.32 × 109 kJ 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  13.2 kJ 
B)  1.32 × 104 kJ 
C)  1.32 × 106 kJ 
D)  1.32 × 109 kJ 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 10

A nuclear reaction's reaction rate is affected by temperature, pressure, and catalysts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When a87 Br nucleus emits a beta particle, what is the nuclear species that results?

Accepted Answer

Question 12

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Po → ? + 208At

Accepted Answer

A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Proton 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  Positron 
A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Proton 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  Positron

Question 13

In order to investigate the age of a mineral sample believed to be millions of years old, which would be the best choice of radioactive isotope to measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  (59Fe) (t1/2 = 45.1 d) 
B)  (12C0) (t1/2 = 5.72 ×103 yr) 
C)  (53Mn) (t1/2 = 3.7 ×106 yr) 
D)  (40K) (t1/2 = 1.2 ×109 yr) 
E)  (238U) (t1/2 = 4.51 ×109 yr) 
A)  (59Fe) (t1/2 = 45.1 d) 
B)  (12C0) (t1/2 = 5.72 ×103 yr) 
C)  (53Mn) (t1/2 = 3.7 ×106 yr) 
D)  (40K) (t1/2 = 1.2 ×109 yr) 
E)  (238U) (t1/2 = 4.51 ×109 yr)

Question 14

What are magic numbers with reference to nuclear stability?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of nuclear particles of elements not located in the belt of stability 
B)  The number of nuclear particles of radioactive elements 
C)  The number of nuclear particles in generally more stable nuclei 
D)  None of these choices. 
A)  The number of nuclear particles of elements not located in the belt of stability 
B)  The number of nuclear particles of radioactive elements 
C)  The number of nuclear particles in generally more stable nuclei 
D)  None of these choices.

Question 15

Cesium-134 is a β emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years. How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0024 g 
B)  0.078 g 
C)  0.25 g 
D)  0.50 g 
E)  80.0 g 
A)  0.0024 g 
B)  0.078 g 
C)  0.25 g 
D)  0.50 g 
E)  80.0 g

Question 16

What is the name for the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Mass difference 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  Mass defect 
A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Mass difference 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  Mass defect

Question 17

What material is ionized by radiation in a Geiger counter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helium gas 
B)  Neon gas 
C)  Liquid water 
D)  Argon gas 
E)  Radon gas 
A)  Helium gas 
B)  Neon gas 
C)  Liquid water 
D)  Argon gas 
E)  Radon gas

Question 18

Which of the following is used to image the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc) 
A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc)

Question 19

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 µCi for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the β radiation is 9.7 × 10-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient? (1 rad = 1 × 10-5 J/g; 1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations/s)

Accepted Answer

A)  0.027 rads 
B)  85 rads 
C)  37 rads 
D)  23 rads 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  0.027 rads 
B)  85 rads 
C)  37 rads 
D)  23 rads 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

1 joule equals ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 kg • m 
B)  1 g • m2 • s2 
C)  1 kg • m2/s 
D)  1 g • m2/s 
E)  1 kg • m2/s2 
A)  1 kg • m 
B)  1 g • m2 • s2 
C)  1 kg • m2/s 
D)  1 g • m2/s 
E)  1 kg • m2/s2

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

The dose unit of ionizing radiation is called the rad. The rad is defined in terms of

Which of the following type(s) of radiation is/are detected by a Geiger counter?

The energy released by the sun is the result of

All isotopes of elements with atomic numbers higher than 83 (Bi) are radioactive.

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of uranium-234? [1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s]

What causes the radiation damage to matter when gamma rays damages it?

What role does cadmium metal (Cd) play in a nuclear reactor?

An 85-kg person exposed to barium-141 receives 2.5 × 105 β particles, each with an energy of 5.2 × 10-13 J. How many rads does the person receive? (1 rad = 1 × 10-5 J/g)

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.00250 mol of calcium-39 decays? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10-13 J)

A nuclear reaction's reaction rate is affected by temperature, pressure, and catalysts.

When a87 Br nucleus emits a beta particle, what is the nuclear species that results?

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Po → ? + 208At

In order to investigate the age of a mineral sample believed to be millions of years old, which would be the best choice of radioactive isotope to measure?

What are magic numbers with reference to nuclear stability?

Cesium-134 is a β emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years. How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

What is the name for the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons?

What material is ionized by radiation in a Geiger counter?

Which of the following is used to image the heart?

1 joule equals ________.

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Filters

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of uranium-234? [1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ mol^-1; c = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s]

An 85-kg person exposed to barium-141 receives 2.5 × 10⁵ β particles, each with an energy of 5.2 × 10^-13 J. How many rads does the person receive? (1 rad = 1 × 10^-5 J/g)

Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay. Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy. How much energy will be emitted when 0.00250 mol of calcium-39 decays? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10^-13 J)

When a⁸⁷ Br nucleus emits a beta particle, what is the nuclear species that results?

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²⁰⁸Po → ? + ²⁰⁸At