Question 1

A beta particle is a proton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The nuclear binding energy per nucleon is defined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)      
B)  (Nuclear binding energy)2 × (# nucleons) 
C)      
D)  (# nucleons)2 × (mol of nucleons) 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)      
B)  (Nuclear binding energy)2 × (# nucleons) 
C)      
D)  (# nucleons)2 × (mol of nucleons) 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 104 β particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.1 × 10-19 rads 
B)  1.2 × 10-17 rads 
C)  2.2 × 10-9 rads 
D)  1.2 × 10-9 rads 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  2.1 × 10-19 rads 
B)  1.2 × 10-17 rads 
C)  2.2 × 10-9 rads 
D)  1.2 × 10-9 rads 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 4

Which of the following materials is put into a nuclear reactor to slow the chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heavy water 
B)  Moderators 
C)  Control rods 
D)  Reflectors 
E)  Chlorine 
A)  Heavy water 
B)  Moderators 
C)  Control rods 
D)  Reflectors 
E)  Chlorine

Question 5

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 6

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

Accepted Answer

A)  Th 
B)  Pu 
C)  Ra 
D)  Au 
E)  Pb 
A)  Th 
B)  Pu 
C)  Ra 
D)  Au 
E)  Pb

Question 7

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 8

Why is carbon dating possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of C-12 is not variable in living organisms. 
B)  There is a constant ratio of C-12 to C-14 in living organisms but the ratio changes at a predictable rate after an organism dies. 
C)  The amount of C-14 is constant in living organisms. 
D)  None of these choices. 
A)  The amount of C-12 is not variable in living organisms. 
B)  There is a constant ratio of C-12 to C-14 in living organisms but the ratio changes at a predictable rate after an organism dies. 
C)  The amount of C-14 is constant in living organisms. 
D)  None of these choices.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   ?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 10

What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 1026 amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m2)/s2]?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.80 x 10-9 J 
B)  1.48 x 10-8 J 
C)  3.60 x 10-9 J 
D)  8.91 x 1015 J 
A)  1.80 x 10-9 J 
B)  1.48 x 10-8 J 
C)  3.60 x 10-9 J 
D)  8.91 x 1015 J

Question 11

Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial 14C atoms is still there? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 × 10-10 
C)  5.7 × 10-5 
D)  1.0 × 10-3 
E)  5.7 × 10-1 
A)  0 
B)  1 × 10-10 
C)  5.7 × 10-5 
D)  1.0 × 10-3 
E)  5.7 × 10-1

Question 12

How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For 14C, t1/2 = 5730 yr.)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.9 × 107 atoms 
B)  8.0 × 10-7 atoms 
C)  1.4 × 1014 atoms 
D)  1.5 × 1013 atoms 
E)  6.02 × 1020 atoms 
A)  2.9 × 107 atoms 
B)  8.0 × 10-7 atoms 
C)  1.4 × 1014 atoms 
D)  1.5 × 1013 atoms 
E)  6.02 × 1020 atoms

Question 13

What technique would you use to determine how old a cloth is that was found while digging in Egypt?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What technique would you use to determine...

Question 14

In the following reaction, identify X.

Accepted Answer

A)  7β 
B)  3α 
C)  4n 
D)    
E)  15p 
A)  7β 
B)  3α 
C)  4n 
D)    
E)  15p

Question 15

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fission occurs among the heaviest isotopes, whereas fusion occurs more readily for light isotopes. 
B)  The mass defect (Δm) for a fission reaction is negative, whereas Δm for fusion is positive. 
C)  In order for fusion reactions to occur, temperatures must be in the millions of degrees. 
D)  The fission of Pu-239 atoms produces isotopes of many different elements. 
E)  Neutron-induced fission processes can occur at room temperature, rather than at millions of degrees. 
A)  Fission occurs among the heaviest isotopes, whereas fusion occurs more readily for light isotopes. 
B)  The mass defect (Δm) for a fission reaction is negative, whereas Δm for fusion is positive. 
C)  In order for fusion reactions to occur, temperatures must be in the millions of degrees. 
D)  The fission of Pu-239 atoms produces isotopes of many different elements. 
E)  Neutron-induced fission processes can occur at room temperature, rather than at millions of degrees.

Question 16

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio) decay by beta particle emission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A radioisotope decays, producing an alpha particle and Th-234. The original radioisotope must have been an atom of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pa 
B)  Bi 
C)  U 
D)  Ra 
E)  Rb 
A)  Pa 
B)  Bi 
C)  U 
D)  Ra 
E)  Rb

Question 18

Nuclear fusion is the combination of small nuclei into larger ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc) 
A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc)

Question 20

Which of the following best represents the relationship between the energy released (ΔE) and the mass defect (Δm)?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

A beta particle is a proton.

The nuclear binding energy per nucleon is defined by which of the following?

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 104 β particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

Which of the following materials is put into a nuclear reactor to slow the chain reaction?

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

Why is carbon dating possible?

Which equation correctly represents positron decay of ?

What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 1026 amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m2)/s2]?

Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial 14C atoms is still there? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For 14C, t1/2 = 5730 yr.)

What technique would you use to determine how old a cloth is that was found while digging in Egypt?

In the following reaction, identify X.

Which statement is false?

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio) decay by beta particle emission.

A radioisotope decays, producing an alpha particle and Th-234. The original radioisotope must have been an atom of ________.

Nuclear fusion is the combination of small nuclei into larger ones.

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

Which of the following best represents the relationship between the energy released (ΔE) and the mass defect (Δm)?

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Filters

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 × 10⁴ β particles, each with an energy of 1.6 × 10^-14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

What is the total binding energy of ¹²C? [¹²C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 10²⁶amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m²)/s²]?

Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial ¹⁴C atoms is still there? (t_1/2= 5730 yr)

How many ¹⁴C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For ¹⁴C, t_1/2 = 5730 yr.)