Question 1

The air at sea level is ~80% oxygen and ~20% nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

What happens to nitrogen dioxide in sunlight? Write the reaction for this process.

Accepted Answer

It decomposes. NO₂(g) + hν → NO(g) + O(g)

Question 3

What is readily liquefied, relatively inert, nontoxic, noncombustible, and volatile and has been used as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners but is harmful to the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  antifreeze 
B)  SO2 
C)  ammonia 
D)  0.444 m 
E)  Freon 
A)  antifreeze 
B)  SO2 
C)  ammonia 
D)  0.444 m 
E)  Freon E

Question 4

In the mid-1980's which of the following was discovered?

Accepted Answer

A)  greenhouse gases 
B)  Antarctic ozone hole 
C)  radon gas 
D)  CO poisoning in homes 
E)  benzene in the Mississippi River 
A)  greenhouse gases 
B)  Antarctic ozone hole 
C)  radon gas 
D)  CO poisoning in homes 
E)  benzene in the Mississippi River

Question 5

Which statement about ozone and the ozone layer is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ozone is found in a band of almost pure ozone several kilometers thick encircling the Earth. 
B)  The ozone in the ozone layer absorbs UV light between 200 and 300 nm. 
C)  Ozone is a compound with the chemical formula CO2. 
D)  In the Earth's atmosphere, ozone exists only in the ozone layer. 
E)  Ozone is used as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners. 
A)  Ozone is found in a band of almost pure ozone several kilometers thick encircling the Earth. 
B)  The ozone in the ozone layer absorbs UV light between 200 and 300 nm. 
C)  Ozone is a compound with the chemical formula CO2. 
D)  In the Earth's atmosphere, ozone exists only in the ozone layer. 
E)  Ozone is used as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners.

Question 6

The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  O3 absorbs outgoing radiation from the Earth's surface, thus helping to keep the Earth warm. 
B)  O3 absorbs harmful solar radiation. 
C)  O3 dissolves in water droplets and is very reactive. 
D)  O3 is a major reactant in photosynthesis. 
A)  O3 absorbs outgoing radiation from the Earth's surface, thus helping to keep the Earth warm. 
B)  O3 absorbs harmful solar radiation. 
C)  O3 dissolves in water droplets and is very reactive. 
D)  O3 is a major reactant in photosynthesis.

Question 7

Suppose that ammonia, applied to a field as a fertilizer, is washed into a farm pond containing 3.0 × 106 L of water. If the pH of this pond is found to be 9.81, what volume of liquid ammonia found its way into the pond? [Given: Kb(NH3) = 1.8 × 10-5; the density of liquid ammonia is 0.771 g/cm3]

Accepted Answer

A)  15 L 
B)  25 L 
C)  11 L 
D)  20 L 
E)  320 L 
A)  15 L 
B)  25 L 
C)  11 L 
D)  20 L 
E)  320 L

Question 8

What are the primary pollutants from automobile exhaust?

Accepted Answer

NO, CO, an

Question 9

Acid rain is less of a threat to lakes and streams in areas where the bedrock is limestone (CaCO3). Which of the following is the equation for neutralization of acid by limestone?

Accepted Answer

A)  CaCO3 + 2OH- → Ca(OH)2 + CO2 
B)  CaCO3 + 2H3O+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + 3H2O 
C)  CaCO3 + H3O → Ca + CO2 + H2O 
D)  CaCO3 + OH- → Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O 
E)  CaCO3 + 2H3O+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + 2H2O 
A)  CaCO3 + 2OH- → Ca(OH)2 + CO2 
B)  CaCO3 + 2H3O+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + 3H2O 
C)  CaCO3 + H3O → Ca + CO2 + H2O 
D)  CaCO3 + OH- → Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O 
E)  CaCO3 + 2H3O+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + 2H2O

Question 10

Which of the following areas of the atmosphere is closest to Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  troposphere 
B)  stratosphere 
C)  mesosphere 
D)  thermosphere 
E)  ionosphere 
A)  troposphere 
B)  stratosphere 
C)  mesosphere 
D)  thermosphere 
E)  ionosphere

Question 11

The Aurora Borealis is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptions of the ozone layer. 
B)  relaxation of excited oxygen atoms and ionized N2 molecules. 
C)  the production of NO. 
D)  lightning. 
A)  disruptions of the ozone layer. 
B)  relaxation of excited oxygen atoms and ionized N2 molecules. 
C)  the production of NO. 
D)  lightning.

Question 12

Which region of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

Accepted Answer

A)  thermosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  stratosphere 
D)  troposphere 
A)  thermosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  stratosphere 
D)  troposphere

Question 13

The normal process occurring on Earth that warms its surface and the lower atmosphere is called

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  vaporization of water. 
C)  incomplete combustion. 
D)  the greenhouse effect. 
E)  the ozone hole. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  vaporization of water. 
C)  incomplete combustion. 
D)  the greenhouse effect. 
E)  the ozone hole.

Question 14

Currently the CO2 content of Earth's atmosphere is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  1%. 
B)  20%. 
C)  25 ppm. 
D)  330 ppm. 
E)  600 ppm. 
A)  1%. 
B)  20%. 
C)  25 ppm. 
D)  330 ppm. 
E)  600 ppm.

Question 15

Which is not a characteristic property of a chlorofluorocarbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relatively innert 
B)  Readily liquified 
C)  Toxic 
D)  Use as coolants 
A)  Relatively innert 
B)  Readily liquified 
C)  Toxic 
D)  Use as coolants

Question 16

Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by the combination of oxygen molecules with

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorofluorocarbons. 
B)  hydrocarbons. 
C)  oxygen atoms. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  ClO. 
A)  chlorofluorocarbons. 
B)  hydrocarbons. 
C)  oxygen atoms. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  ClO.

Question 17

What is the name given to the incoming streams of solar protons and electrons oriented by Earth's magnetic field occurring in the Northern Hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  northern auroras 
B)  Aurora australis 
C)  northern celesta ions 
D)  Aurora borealis 
E)  solar flares 
A)  northern auroras 
B)  Aurora australis 
C)  northern celesta ions 
D)  Aurora borealis 
E)  solar flares

Question 18

What are the common indoor pollutants?

Accepted Answer

CO, CO₂, an

Question 19

Ozone (O3) and oxygen gas (O2) are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  isotopes. 
B)  allotropes. 
C)  polymorphs. 
D)  alloys. 
E)  amphoterism. 
A)  isotopes. 
B)  allotropes. 
C)  polymorphs. 
D)  alloys. 
E)  amphoterism.

Question 20

Give two important reasons why there is so much more Na+ in the oceans than K+, despite their similar abundances in the Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

Clays bind K⁺ more effectively

Exam 21: Environmental Chemistry

The air at sea level is ~80% oxygen and ~20% nitrogen.

What happens to nitrogen dioxide in sunlight? Write the reaction for this process.

What is readily liquefied, relatively inert, nontoxic, noncombustible, and volatile and has been used as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners but is harmful to the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

In the mid-1980's which of the following was discovered?

Which statement about ozone and the ozone layer is true?

The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere is important because

Suppose that ammonia, applied to a field as a fertilizer, is washed into a farm pond containing 3.0 × 106 L of water. If the pH of this pond is found to be 9.81, what volume of liquid ammonia found its way into the pond? [Given: Kb(NH3) = 1.8 × 10-5; the density of liquid ammonia is 0.771 g/cm3]

What are the primary pollutants from automobile exhaust?

Acid rain is less of a threat to lakes and streams in areas where the bedrock is limestone (CaCO3). Which of the following is the equation for neutralization of acid by limestone?

Which of the following areas of the atmosphere is closest to Earth's surface?

The Aurora Borealis is due to

Which region of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

The normal process occurring on Earth that warms its surface and the lower atmosphere is called

Currently the CO2 content of Earth's atmosphere is approximately

Which is not a characteristic property of a chlorofluorocarbon?

Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by the combination of oxygen molecules with

What is the name given to the incoming streams of solar protons and electrons oriented by Earth's magnetic field occurring in the Northern Hemisphere?

What are the common indoor pollutants?

Ozone (O3) and oxygen gas (O2) are examples of

Give two important reasons why there is so much more Na+ in the oceans than K+, despite their similar abundances in the Earth's crust.

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Filters

Acid rain is less of a threat to lakes and streams in areas where the bedrock is limestone (CaCO₃). Which of the following is the equation for neutralization of acid by limestone?

Currently the CO₂ content of Earth's atmosphere is approximately

Ozone (O₃) and oxygen gas (O₂) are examples of

Give two important reasons why there is so much more Na⁺ in the oceans than K⁺, despite their similar abundances in the Earth's crust.