Question 1

________ is used as a subscript beside an atom to indicate the atom is in an electronically excited state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is used as a subscript beside...

Question 2

What is the noxious cloud of smoke and fog caused by SO2 which is formed by the reactions of automobile exhaust and sunlight?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary pollutants 
B)  secondary pollutants 
C)  automotive discharge 
D)  acid rain 
E)  photochemical smog 
A)  primary pollutants 
B)  secondary pollutants 
C)  automotive discharge 
D)  acid rain 
E)  photochemical smog

Question 3

List three primary pollutants removed from automobile exhaust by catalytic converters.

Accepted Answer

CO, NO, un

Question 4

Ozone is destroyed naturally by the absorption of short-wavelength light.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to

Accepted Answer

A)  create a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C)  increase the relative humidity. 
D)  decrease the relative humidity. 
E)  increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
A)  create a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C)  increase the relative humidity. 
D)  decrease the relative humidity. 
E)  increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Question 6

What is the layer of the atmosphere called which is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere and where the increase in temperature in this region is the result of the bombardment of molecular oxygen and nitrogen and atomic species by energetic particles, such as electrons and protons, from the sun?

Accepted Answer

A)  outer atmosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  thermosphere 
D)  troposphere 
E)  stratosphere 
A)  outer atmosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  thermosphere 
D)  troposphere 
E)  stratosphere

Question 7

The primary source of photochemical smog is

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 
B)  the action of ultraviolet light on ozone. 
C)  water evaporating from farm fields. 
D)  unfiltered emissions from coal-burning power plants. 
E)  reactions of automobile exhaust in the presence of sunlight. 
A)  the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 
B)  the action of ultraviolet light on ozone. 
C)  water evaporating from farm fields. 
D)  unfiltered emissions from coal-burning power plants. 
E)  reactions of automobile exhaust in the presence of sunlight.

Question 8

What is the name given to the incoming streams of solar protons and electrons oriented by Earth's magnetic field occurring in the Southern Hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  southern auroras 
B)  Aurora australis 
C)  southern celesta ions 
D)  Aurora borealis 
E)  solar flares 
A)  southern auroras 
B)  Aurora australis 
C)  southern celesta ions 
D)  Aurora borealis 
E)  solar flares

Question 9

________ is the layer above the stratosphere where the concentration of ozone and other gases is low and where the temperature decreases with increasing altitude.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the layer above the stratosphere...

Question 10

Which choice lists two effects expected from the depletion of the ozone layer? 1. asthma
2) lung cancer
3) skin cancer
4) genetic mutations
5) emphysema

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 5 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  3 and 5 
D)  3 and 4 
E)  4 and 5 
A)  1 and 5 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  3 and 5 
D)  3 and 4 
E)  4 and 5

Question 11

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphides 
B)  phosphites 
C)  phosphors 
D)  phosphates 
E)  elemental phosphorus 
A)  phosphides 
B)  phosphites 
C)  phosphors 
D)  phosphates 
E)  elemental phosphorus

Question 12

Mars has an atmosphere made mostly of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Substitutes for CFCs

Accepted Answer

A)  contain C-H bonds that make these compounds susceptible to destruction. 
B)  contain embedded O3 molecules to replace those being destroyed. 
C)  contain chlorine atoms that can react with oxygen to lead to formation of ozone. 
D)  None of these choices. 
A)  contain C-H bonds that make these compounds susceptible to destruction. 
B)  contain embedded O3 molecules to replace those being destroyed. 
C)  contain chlorine atoms that can react with oxygen to lead to formation of ozone. 
D)  None of these choices.

Question 14

What was responsible for the "orange glow" observed by astronauts on the outside surface of their space shuttle as they were orbiting the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 interacting with SO2 to form SO2* excited state molecules. 
B)  An oxygen atom interacting with nitric oxide adsorbed on the shuttle's surface to form electronically excited nitrogen dioxide, NO2*. 
C)  N2 interacting with CO2 to form CO2* excited state molecules. 
D)  CO and CO2 interacting to form CO3* excited state molecules. 
E)  Star dust from the stratosphere combining with upper atmospheric O2 gases. 
A)  O2 interacting with SO2 to form SO2* excited state molecules. 
B)  An oxygen atom interacting with nitric oxide adsorbed on the shuttle's surface to form electronically excited nitrogen dioxide, NO2*. 
C)  N2 interacting with CO2 to form CO2* excited state molecules. 
D)  CO and CO2 interacting to form CO3* excited state molecules. 
E)  Star dust from the stratosphere combining with upper atmospheric O2 gases.

Question 15

A possible reaction leading to removal of ClO from the atmosphere is 2ClO → Cl2 + O2. Studies of this reaction have yielded an Arrhenius frequency factor, A, and an activation energy of 1.0 × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and 13.2 kJ/mol, respectively. Calculate the rate constant for the disappearance of ClO at -30°C.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 × 10-15 M-1 s-1 
B)  8.7 × 105 M-1 s-1 
C)  2.9 × 10-15 M-1 s-1 
D)  9.9 × 10-13 M-1 s-1 
E)  1.7 × 106 M-1 s-1 
A)  1.5 × 10-15 M-1 s-1 
B)  8.7 × 105 M-1 s-1 
C)  2.9 × 10-15 M-1 s-1 
D)  9.9 × 10-13 M-1 s-1 
E)  1.7 × 106 M-1 s-1

Question 16

In order for a gas to be a "greenhouse gas" it must

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit visible light and absorb infrared radiation. 
B)  be radioactive. 
C)  transmit infrared light and absorb visible light. 
D)  be combustible. 
E)  absorb both visible light and infrared radiation. 
A)  transmit visible light and absorb infrared radiation. 
B)  be radioactive. 
C)  transmit infrared light and absorb visible light. 
D)  be combustible. 
E)  absorb both visible light and infrared radiation.

Question 17

What colors do excited oxygen atoms emit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What colors do excited oxygen atoms emit?...

Question 18

________ is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

Thermosphe

Question 19

About 80% of the total mass of air is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  ionosphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  troposphere. 
A)  ionosphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  troposphere.

Question 20

The first "hole" in the ozone layer was found over which continent?

Accepted Answer

A)  North America 
B)  South America 
C)  Australia 
D)  Antarctica 
E)  Asia 
A)  North America 
B)  South America 
C)  Australia 
D)  Antarctica 
E)  Asia

Exam 21: Environmental Chemistry

________ is used as a subscript beside an atom to indicate the atom is in an electronically excited state.

What is the noxious cloud of smoke and fog caused by SO2 which is formed by the reactions of automobile exhaust and sunlight?

List three primary pollutants removed from automobile exhaust by catalytic converters.

Ozone is destroyed naturally by the absorption of short-wavelength light.

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to

What is the layer of the atmosphere called which is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere and where the increase in temperature in this region is the result of the bombardment of molecular oxygen and nitrogen and atomic species by energetic particles, such as electrons and protons, from the sun?

The primary source of photochemical smog is

What is the name given to the incoming streams of solar protons and electrons oriented by Earth's magnetic field occurring in the Southern Hemisphere?

________ is the layer above the stratosphere where the concentration of ozone and other gases is low and where the temperature decreases with increasing altitude.

Which choice lists two effects expected from the depletion of the ozone layer? 1. asthma 2) lung cancer 3) skin cancer 4) genetic mutations 5) emphysema

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Mars has an atmosphere made mostly of oxygen.

Substitutes for CFCs

What was responsible for the "orange glow" observed by astronauts on the outside surface of their space shuttle as they were orbiting the Earth?

In order for a gas to be a "greenhouse gas" it must

What colors do excited oxygen atoms emit?

________ is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.

About 80% of the total mass of air is in the

The first "hole" in the ozone layer was found over which continent?

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

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What is the noxious cloud of smoke and fog caused by SO₂ which is formed by the reactions of automobile exhaust and sunlight?