Question 1

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B)  the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C)  the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D)  the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E)  None of these reasons is correct. 
A)  the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B)  the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C)  the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D)  the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E)  None of these reasons is correct.

Question 2

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction   ?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 3

If a captured electron combines with a proton in the nucleus to form a neutron, what happens to the atomic number and the mass number?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number de

Question 4

Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238. Of these, the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using 14C dating?

Accepted Answer

A)  5730 years 
B)  30,000 years 
C)  60,000 years 
D)  10,000 years 
E)  There is no limit to how old an object can be. 
A)  5730 years 
B)  30,000 years 
C)  60,000 years 
D)  10,000 years 
E)  There is no limit to how old an object can be.

Question 6

In a nuclear reaction elements are converted to other elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is used to test the activity of the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc) 
A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc)

Question 8

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 yr. How many 87Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

Accepted Answer

A)  9.0 × 1016 atoms 
B)  4.3 × 10-4 atoms 
C)  2.2 × 1018 atoms 
D)  2.5 × 1014 atoms 
E)  1.7 × 1014 atoms 
A)  9.0 × 1016 atoms 
B)  4.3 × 10-4 atoms 
C)  2.2 × 1018 atoms 
D)  2.5 × 1014 atoms 
E)  1.7 × 1014 atoms

Question 9

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Positron 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Positron 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta decay. If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute, what is the half-life of this radioisotope?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.38 × 10-2 yr 
B)  11.4 yr 
C)  0.25 yr 
D)  15.8 yr 
E)  9.1 yr 
A)  4.38 × 10-2 yr 
B)  11.4 yr 
C)  0.25 yr 
D)  15.8 yr 
E)  9.1 yr

Question 11

An alpha particle is a helium atom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.0 × 10-2 
B)  0.20 
C)  3.5 
D)  0.33 
E)  0.29 
A)  3.0 × 10-2 
B)  0.20 
C)  3.5 
D)  0.33 
E)  0.29

Question 13

What is the name given to the nuclear process that results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, or other nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear transmutation 
B)  Protonation 
C)  Nucleation 
D)  Nuclear condensation 
E)  Radioactivity 
A)  Nuclear transmutation 
B)  Protonation 
C)  Nucleation 
D)  Nuclear condensation 
E)  Radioactivity

Question 14

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Pb → ? + 204Hg

Accepted Answer

A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Proton 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  Positron 
A)  Gamma particle 
B)  Alpha particle 
C)  Proton 
D)  Beta particle 
E)  Positron

Question 15

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0:   t = 25.0 s:   Which diagram best represents the sample at t = 50.0 s?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 16

Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear power plants over coal-burning plants? Nuclear power plants

Accepted Answer

A)  form numerous radioactive fission products. 
B)  do not pollute the air with SO2, soot, and fly-ash. 
C)  produce more thermal pollution than coal plants. 
D)  use more fuel. 
A)  form numerous radioactive fission products. 
B)  do not pollute the air with SO2, soot, and fly-ash. 
C)  produce more thermal pollution than coal plants. 
D)  use more fuel.

Question 17

Calculate the energy released in joules when one mole of polonium-214 decays according to the following equation.     (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1;
C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)  8.78 × 1014 J/mol 
B)  7.2 × 1014 J/mol 
C)  8.76 × 1011 J/mol 
D)  -9.75 × 10-3 J/mol 
E)  1.46 × 10-9 J/mol 
A)  8.78 × 1014 J/mol 
B)  7.2 × 1014 J/mol 
C)  8.76 × 1011 J/mol 
D)  -9.75 × 10-3 J/mol 
E)  1.46 × 10-9 J/mol

Question 18

What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after six half-lives?

Accepted Answer

A)  zero 
B)  1/6 
C)  1/16 
D)  1/32 
E)  1/64 
A)  zero 
B)  1/6 
C)  1/16 
D)  1/32 
E)  1/64

Question 19

Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of degrees)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beta decay 
B)  Fission reaction 
C)  Fusion reaction 
D)  Alpha decay 
E)  Positron emission 
A)  Beta decay 
B)  Fission reaction 
C)  Fusion reaction 
D)  Alpha decay 
E)  Positron emission

Question 20

Which of the following is used to image the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc) 
A)  (18O) 
B)  (131I) 
C)  (123I) 
D)  (24Na) 
E)  (99Tc)

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction ?

If a captured electron combines with a proton in the nucleus to form a neutron, what happens to the atomic number and the mass number?

Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238. Of these, the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using 14C dating?

In a nuclear reaction elements are converted to other elements.

Which of the following is used to test the activity of the thyroid?

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 yr. How many 87Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta decay. If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute, what is the half-life of this radioisotope?

An alpha particle is a helium atom.

The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

What is the name given to the nuclear process that results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, or other nuclei?

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Pb → ? + 204Hg

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: t = 25.0 s: Which diagram best represents the sample at t = 50.0 s?

Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear power plants over coal-burning plants? Nuclear power plants

Calculate the energy released in joules when one mole of polonium-214 decays according to the following equation. (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after six half-lives?

Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of degrees)?

Which of the following is used to image the brain?

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

Filters

How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using ¹⁴C dating?

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 10¹⁰ yr. How many ⁸⁷Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²⁰⁸Pb → ? + ²⁰⁴Hg

Calculate the energy released in joules when one mole of polonium-214 decays according to the following equation. (1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ mol^-1; C = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)