Question 1

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is _.

Accepted Answer

A)  accomplished after the nephron loop is reached 
B)  hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments 
C)  in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  not limited by a transport maximum 
A)  accomplished after the nephron loop is reached 
B)  hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments 
C)  in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  not limited by a transport maximum

Question 2

Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is
)

Accepted Answer

A)  protein- regulated diffusion 
B)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) 
C)  the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries 
D)  the ionic electrochemical gradient 
A)  protein- regulated diffusion 
B)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) 
C)  the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries 
D)  the ionic electrochemical gradient

Question 4

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it _.

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently 
B)  is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys 
C)  stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position 
D)  produces vitamin D and other chemicals needed by the kidney 
A)  ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently 
B)  is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys 
C)  stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position 
D)  produces vitamin D and other chemicals needed by the kidney

Question 5

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the .

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule 
B)  nephron loop 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  glomerular filtration membrane 
A)  distal convoluted tubule 
B)  nephron loop 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  glomerular filtration membrane

Question 6

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  ADH 
D)  aldosterone 
A)  thyroxine 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  ADH 
D)  aldosterone

Question 7

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  disposing of substances not already in the filtrate, such as certain drugs 
B)  ridding the body of excessive potassium ions 
C)  eliminating undesirable substances such as urea and uric acid that have been reabsorbed by passive processes 
D)  ridding the body of bicarbonate ions 
A)  disposing of substances not already in the filtrate, such as certain drugs 
B)  ridding the body of excessive potassium ions 
C)  eliminating undesirable substances such as urea and uric acid that have been reabsorbed by passive processes 
D)  ridding the body of bicarbonate ions

Question 8

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. 
B)  Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction. 
C)  Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age. 
D)  Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function. 
A)  Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. 
B)  Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction. 
C)  Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age. 
D)  Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function.

Question 9

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
-Collecting duct cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match...

Question 11

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys 
B)  help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys 
C)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys 
D)  help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys 
A)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys 
B)  help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys 
C)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys 
D)  help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys

Question 12

Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine 
B)  absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments 
C)  absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network 
D)  form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine 
A)  form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine 
B)  absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments 
C)  absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network 
D)  form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine

Question 14

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
-Peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match...

Question 16

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?

Accepted Answer

A)  motor neurons 
B)  the pressure of the fluid in the bladder 
C)  the sympathetic efferents 
D)  the stretching of the bladder wall 
A)  motor neurons 
B)  the pressure of the fluid in the bladder 
C)  the sympathetic efferents 
D)  the stretching of the bladder wall

Exam 25: The Urinary System

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is _.

Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is )

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it _.

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the .

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion?

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)?

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter.

Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following: -Collecting duct cells.

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Peritubular capillaries.

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?

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