Question 1

What is an advantage to an organism producing microRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  microRNA can protect against viral infections. 
B)  microRNA causes mutations in unused genes. 
C)  microRNA can protect against heart disease and cancer. 
D)  microRNA allows for the inactivation of Barr bodies. 
A)  microRNA can protect against viral infections. 
B)  microRNA causes mutations in unused genes. 
C)  microRNA can protect against heart disease and cancer. 
D)  microRNA allows for the inactivation of Barr bodies.

Question 2

In the fungus Neurospora, a metabolic pathway synthesizes the amino acid Z (which is essential for its survival) f the precursor W. The intermediates X and Y are also produced in this pathway. The enzymes E1, E2, and E3 cata three reactions in the process, as follows: E1 E2 E3
W -X -Y -Z
X- ray radiation can be used to create a mutant strain of Neurospora that has a defective gene sequence for E2. Based on this scenario, the mutant strain will survive on media that contain

Accepted Answer

A)  W, X, Y, or Z. 
B)  only Y or Z. 
C)  only X. 
D)  only Z. 
E)  only W or X. 
A)  W, X, Y, or Z. 
B)  only Y or Z. 
C)  only X. 
D)  only Z. 
E)  only W or X.

Question 3

If a bacterial protein is made from 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for its production?

Accepted Answer

A)  120 
B)  600 
C)  30 
D)  60 
E)  90 
A)  120 
B)  600 
C)  30 
D)  60 
E)  90

Question 4

The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer RNA. 
B)  ribosomal RNA. 
C)  messenger RNA. 
D)  nuclear RNA. 
A)  transfer RNA. 
B)  ribosomal RNA. 
C)  messenger RNA. 
D)  nuclear RNA.

Question 5

The genetic code is

Accepted Answer

A)  read in sets of three bases called codons. 
B)  used during the translation of DNA to mRNA. 
C)  a set of two base sequences coding for each amino acid. 
D)  different in different organisms. 
A)  read in sets of three bases called codons. 
B)  used during the translation of DNA to mRNA. 
C)  a set of two base sequences coding for each amino acid. 
D)  different in different organisms.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules function to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Protein molecules 
E)  Lipid molecules 
A)  mRNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Protein molecules 
E)  Lipid molecules

Question 7

A gene mutation is defined as change in the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide sequence of DNA. 
B)  activation of a gene. 
C)  nucleotide sequence of RNA. 
D)  structure of ribosomes. 
A)  nucleotide sequence of DNA. 
B)  activation of a gene. 
C)  nucleotide sequence of RNA. 
D)  structure of ribosomes.

Question 8

Transfer RNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is a subunit of ribosomes. 
B)  brings amino acids to the ribosome. 
C)  is a nucleic acid that carries the code for the primary structure of a protein. 
D)  transfers proteins into the nucleus. 
A)  is a subunit of ribosomes. 
B)  brings amino acids to the ribosome. 
C)  is a nucleic acid that carries the code for the primary structure of a protein. 
D)  transfers proteins into the nucleus.

Question 9

Which of the following occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcription only 
B)  Replication of genetic material only 
C)  Translation only 
D)  Both translation and replication of genetic material 
E)  Both transcription and replication of genetic material 
A)  Transcription only 
B)  Replication of genetic material only 
C)  Translation only 
D)  Both translation and replication of genetic material 
E)  Both transcription and replication of genetic material

Question 10

A sequence of three RNA bases can function as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  anticodon only. 
B)  codon or anticodon. 
C)  gene only. 
D)  codon only. 
A)  anticodon only. 
B)  codon or anticodon. 
C)  gene only. 
D)  codon only.

Question 11

Compare and contrast the three major RNA molecules involved in translation.

Accepted Answer

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are all single- str

Question 12

A codon of mRNA consists of three bases that code for an amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A mutation that results in a change in the codon- reading pattern could result from

Accepted Answer

A)  a base deletion only. 
B)  either an insertion or a deletion of a base. 
C)  a base substitution only. 
D)  a base insertion only. 
A)  a base deletion only. 
B)  either an insertion or a deletion of a base. 
C)  a base substitution only. 
D)  a base insertion only.

Question 14

In general, each gene codes for a specific protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A random change in a DNA nucleotide base sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  is never beneficial to the organism. 
B)  is never apparent in the organism. 
C)  cannot have an influence on genetic variation. 
D)  always kills the cell. 
E)  represents a mutation. 
A)  is never beneficial to the organism. 
B)  is never apparent in the organism. 
C)  cannot have an influence on genetic variation. 
D)  always kills the cell. 
E)  represents a mutation.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene expression is not influenced by the environment. 
B)  Different tissues within an organism express different genes. 
C)  Gene expression remains constant throughout an organism's life span. 
D)  Different individuals of the same species express all of the same genes. 
A)  Gene expression is not influenced by the environment. 
B)  Different tissues within an organism express different genes. 
C)  Gene expression remains constant throughout an organism's life span. 
D)  Different individuals of the same species express all of the same genes.

Question 17

The Barr body is the X chromosome in the cell that is expressed, whereas the other X chromosome is inactivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The "one- gene, one- enzyme" hypothesis concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)  specific enzymes give rise to specific genes. 
B)  each allele codes for a single type of protein. 
C)  only certain genes function in cells. 
D)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. 
E)  enzymes regulate gene activity. 
A)  specific enzymes give rise to specific genes. 
B)  each allele codes for a single type of protein. 
C)  only certain genes function in cells. 
D)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. 
E)  enzymes regulate gene activity.

Question 19

Suppose the template DNA strand of a "mini- gene" has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The anticodon of the tRNA that carries the first amino acid to the ribosome will be

Accepted Answer

A)  AGU. 
B)  AUG. 
C)  UAC. 
D)  UAG. 
E)  UCA. 
A)  AGU. 
B)  AUG. 
C)  UAC. 
D)  UAG. 
E)  UCA.

Question 20

What does mRNA carry away from the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomes 
B)  Information 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Enzymes 
A)  Ribosomes 
B)  Information 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Enzymes

Exam 13: Gene Expression and Regulation

What is an advantage to an organism producing microRNA?

If a bacterial protein is made from 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for its production?

The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is

The genetic code is

Which of the following molecules function to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next?

A gene mutation is defined as change in the

Transfer RNA

Which of the following occurs in the nucleus?

A sequence of three RNA bases can function as a(n)

Compare and contrast the three major RNA molecules involved in translation.

A codon of mRNA consists of three bases that code for an amino acid.

A mutation that results in a change in the codon- reading pattern could result from

In general, each gene codes for a specific protein.

A random change in a DNA nucleotide base sequence

Which of the following is TRUE regarding gene expression?

The Barr body is the X chromosome in the cell that is expressed, whereas the other X chromosome is inactivated.

The "one- gene, one- enzyme" hypothesis concluded that

Suppose the template DNA strand of a "mini- gene" has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The anticodon of the tRNA that carries the first amino acid to the ribosome will be

What does mRNA carry away from the nucleus?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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