Exam 3: Biological Molecules

Your friend is trying to learn about how to kill bacteria. She reads that preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods because the acidic environment kills bacteria by denaturing their proteins. She thinks this sounds like a lot of scientific jargon and asks you what it means. How can you explain it in simpler terms?

Carbon provides a backbone for a variety of biological molecules. Carbon can typically form covalent bonds.

What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common?

Proteins are constructed using how many different amino acids?

Many biological molecules are formed by the joining of monomer units in a(n) reaction (removal of water); the reverse process is called _.

Scientists consider prions to be "puzzling" proteins. Which of the following is TRUE about prions?

Which nucleotide molecule functions as an energy carrier in the cell?

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

What are the two main functions of carbohydrates in a living system? Give an example of each.

All of the following are polysaccharides EXCEPT

Keratin and silk are examples of , whereas glucose and maltose are examples of .

Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, and its digestion requires the actions of the enzyme lactase. If lactose is eaten as part of the diet but is not digested by lactase, this sugar is then metabolized by bacteria in the intestine, leading to the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance, therefore, results from a(n)

A nucleotide is made of a

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are examples of

Enzymes are specialized _ that catalyze chemical reactions within the body.

Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing

In dehydration synthesis, the atoms that make up a water molecule come from

Which of the following is insoluble in water?