Question 1

Cartilage is well supplied with blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In the human skeleton, the is a ball- and- socket joint.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the human skeleton, the is a...

Question 3

It is possible to remove calcium from compact bone by soaking the bone in vinegar for an extended period of time. Once the calcium is gone, the bone should be

Accepted Answer

A)  more rigid and inflexible. 
B)  completely dissolved. 
C)  extremely flexible. 
D)  about half the size as before soaking. 
A)  more rigid and inflexible. 
B)  completely dissolved. 
C)  extremely flexible. 
D)  about half the size as before soaking.

Question 4

Weightlifters, bodybuilders, and other athletes who require rapid bursts of high- energy muscle output often spend a lot of money on dietary supplements. Some supplements, such as amino acids, are used as building blocks to make more high- protein muscle cells. Other supplements increase energy or provide more endurance during workouts. For example, supplements that contain creatine (often sold as creatine diphosphate) are repute provide more energy. Based on this information and your knowledge of muscle physiology, would you expect creatine supplements to provide extra energy? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because the creatine supplement can donate phosphate ions to regenerate ATP. 
B)  No, because creatine is not used for energy production in the body. 
C)  No, because the digestive system breaks creatine (a large protein macromolecule) down before it can be used by the body. 
D)  Yes, because creatine is used directly as a source of energy by muscle cells. 
A)  Yes, because the creatine supplement can donate phosphate ions to regenerate ATP. 
B)  No, because creatine is not used for energy production in the body. 
C)  No, because the digestive system breaks creatine (a large protein macromolecule) down before it can be used by the body. 
D)  Yes, because creatine is used directly as a source of energy by muscle cells.

Question 5

Calcium binding to initiates skeletal muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  tropomyosin 
B)  troponin 
C)  myosin 
D)  actin 
A)  tropomyosin 
B)  troponin 
C)  myosin 
D)  actin

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is under voluntary control. 
B)  Its cells contain large numbers of mitochondria. 
C)  Its cells are tapered at each end. 
D)  It is not striated, like skeletal muscle. 
A)  It is under voluntary control. 
B)  Its cells contain large numbers of mitochondria. 
C)  Its cells are tapered at each end. 
D)  It is not striated, like skeletal muscle.

Question 7

In light of the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction, what happens to a person who is deficient in dietary calcium?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness occurs due to an inabili

Question 8

Based on this figure, the _ _ inserts into the patella.

Accepted Answer

A)  coccyx 
B)  quadriceps 
C)  rectus abdominus 
D)  deltoid 
E)  gastrocnemius 
A)  coccyx 
B)  quadriceps 
C)  rectus abdominus 
D)  deltoid 
E)  gastrocnemius

Question 9

List the steps in the process by which a bone heals.

Accepted Answer

A clot forms, osteoclasts eat

Question 10

Osteoporosis may occur when the activity of exceeds the activity of .

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclasts; osteocytes 
B)  osteocytes; osteoclasts 
C)  osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
D)  osteoblasts; osteoclasts 
A)  osteoclasts; osteocytes 
B)  osteocytes; osteoclasts 
C)  osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
D)  osteoblasts; osteoclasts

Question 11

The sternum is part of the axial skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

How does an action potential enter a skeletal muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through a T tubule 
B)  By diffusion 
C)  As a result of the interaction between actin and myosin 
D)  In response to the release of calcium ions 
A)  Through a T tubule 
B)  By diffusion 
C)  As a result of the interaction between actin and myosin 
D)  In response to the release of calcium ions

Question 13

The muscles of your lower leg are arranged in antagonistic pairs so that you

Accepted Answer

A)  can stand upright. 
B)  have a backup when one muscle is not strong enough. 
C)  can both flex and extend your leg. 
D)  obtain a stronger contraction than you would with a single muscle. 
A)  can stand upright. 
B)  have a backup when one muscle is not strong enough. 
C)  can both flex and extend your leg. 
D)  obtain a stronger contraction than you would with a single muscle.

Question 14

What advantage does the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts impart to vertebrates, even after growth has finished?

Accepted Answer

A)  As old bones are dissolved, new bones can be formed. 
B)  Bone growth never finishes; it continues at a slow pace throughout life. 
C)  The cells allow bone to get stronger as physical demands are placed on it. 
D)  The cells enable bone to lengthen and shorten as needed. 
A)  As old bones are dissolved, new bones can be formed. 
B)  Bone growth never finishes; it continues at a slow pace throughout life. 
C)  The cells allow bone to get stronger as physical demands are placed on it. 
D)  The cells enable bone to lengthen and shorten as needed.

Question 15

The connective tissue cords that connect muscles to bones are called

Accepted Answer

A)  thick filaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  thin filaments. 
D)  ligaments. 
A)  thick filaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  thin filaments. 
D)  ligaments.

Question 16

muscle constricts arteries when blood pressure drops suddenly.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac 
B)  Smooth 
C)  Striated 
A)  Cardiac 
B)  Smooth 
C)  Striated

Question 17

What are tendons?

Accepted Answer

the tough connective

Question 18

The living cells of cartilage are called

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  chondrocytes. 
D)  osteocytes. 
A)  osteoblasts. 
B)  osteoclasts. 
C)  chondrocytes. 
D)  osteocytes.

Question 19

The hard, outer shell of vertebrate bone

Accepted Answer

A)  does not contain osteons. 
B)  is compact bone. 
C)  is made of glucosamine. 
D)  is spongy bone. 
A)  does not contain osteons. 
B)  is compact bone. 
C)  is made of glucosamine. 
D)  is spongy bone.

Question 20

When you break your leg, a thickened area forms around the outside of the bone. Over a period of time, this thickened area

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes a permanent part of the spongy bone. 
B)  is dissolved by osteoclasts as osteoblasts add new bone. 
C)  forms new tendons, ligaments, and/or muscles. 
D)  moves to the skin surface and is shed as dead skin. 
E)  is digested by enzymes secreted by the muscles. 
A)  becomes a permanent part of the spongy bone. 
B)  is dissolved by osteoclasts as osteoblasts add new bone. 
C)  forms new tendons, ligaments, and/or muscles. 
D)  moves to the skin surface and is shed as dead skin. 
E)  is digested by enzymes secreted by the muscles.

Exam 41: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Cartilage is well supplied with blood vessels.

In the human skeleton, the is a ball- and- socket joint.

It is possible to remove calcium from compact bone by soaking the bone in vinegar for an extended period of time. Once the calcium is gone, the bone should be

Calcium binding to initiates skeletal muscle contraction.

Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle?

In light of the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction, what happens to a person who is deficient in dietary calcium?

Based on this figure, the _ _ inserts into the patella.

List the steps in the process by which a bone heals.

Osteoporosis may occur when the activity of exceeds the activity of .

The sternum is part of the axial skeleton.

How does an action potential enter a skeletal muscle cell?

The muscles of your lower leg are arranged in antagonistic pairs so that you

What advantage does the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts impart to vertebrates, even after growth has finished?

The connective tissue cords that connect muscles to bones are called

muscle constricts arteries when blood pressure drops suddenly.

What are tendons?

The living cells of cartilage are called

The hard, outer shell of vertebrate bone

When you break your leg, a thickened area forms around the outside of the bone. Over a period of time, this thickened area

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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