Question 1

Compare the functions of roots with those of shoots. How are they similar and how are they different?

Accepted Answer

Both are involved in hormone production,

Question 2

If a beaver eats the bark all the way around a tree trunk (a process called "girdling"), why does the tree die?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water and minerals are no longer supplied to the leaves. 
B)  Cells of the lateral meristem can no longer divide. 
C)  The tree is susceptible to insect and fungal diseases. 
D)  The tree cannot continue to photosynthesize. 
E)  The phloem is damaged, and the transport of sugars ceases. 
A)  Water and minerals are no longer supplied to the leaves. 
B)  Cells of the lateral meristem can no longer divide. 
C)  The tree is susceptible to insect and fungal diseases. 
D)  The tree cannot continue to photosynthesize. 
E)  The phloem is damaged, and the transport of sugars ceases.

Question 3

What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary cell walls 
B)  Sieve plates 
C)  Plasmodesmata 
D)  Microtubules 
E)  Microfilaments 
A)  Secondary cell walls 
B)  Sieve plates 
C)  Plasmodesmata 
D)  Microtubules 
E)  Microfilaments

Question 4

On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the , which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil.

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle 
B)  endodermis 
C)  root cap 
D)  cortex 
E)  epidermis 
A)  pericycle 
B)  endodermis 
C)  root cap 
D)  cortex 
E)  epidermis

Question 5

What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary cells 
B)  Meristem cells 
C)  Mesophyll cells 
D)  Differentiated cells 
E)  Ground tissue cells 
A)  Secondary cells 
B)  Meristem cells 
C)  Mesophyll cells 
D)  Differentiated cells 
E)  Ground tissue cells

Question 6

What would you expect to be missing in a plant that exhibits primary growth but not secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  An elongated stem 
B)  Flowers 
C)  An expanded root system 
D)  Thick woody branches 
E)  Vascular tissue 
A)  An elongated stem 
B)  Flowers 
C)  An expanded root system 
D)  Thick woody branches 
E)  Vascular tissue

Question 7

Phloem sieve- tube elements are able to remain alive because adjacent cells provide nourishment in the form of proteins and high- energy compounds such as ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phloem sieve- tube elements are able to...

Question 8

All the following are true of companion cells EXCEPT that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are connected to sieve- tube elements via plasmodesmata. 
B)  cooperate with sieve- tube elements in conducting sugar- rich solutions. 
C)  fuse together to form the sieve plates of sieve- tube elements. 
D)  supply materials to repair the plasma membrane of sieve- tube elements. 
E)  provide proteins and ATP to sieve- tube elements. 
A)  are connected to sieve- tube elements via plasmodesmata. 
B)  cooperate with sieve- tube elements in conducting sugar- rich solutions. 
C)  fuse together to form the sieve plates of sieve- tube elements. 
D)  supply materials to repair the plasma membrane of sieve- tube elements. 
E)  provide proteins and ATP to sieve- tube elements.

Question 9

The location of the pericycle is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  a band wrapped around cells of the endodermis. 
B)  just beneath the epidermis. 
C)  adjacent to the shoot apical meristem. 
D)  the outermost layer of the root vascular cylinder. 
E)  between layers of primary xylem and primary phloem. 
A)  a band wrapped around cells of the endodermis. 
B)  just beneath the epidermis. 
C)  adjacent to the shoot apical meristem. 
D)  the outermost layer of the root vascular cylinder. 
E)  between layers of primary xylem and primary phloem.

Question 10

Which of the following makes up most of an old tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary phloem 
B)  Primary xylem 
C)  Primary phloem 
D)  Secondary xylem 
E)  Vascular cambium 
A)  Secondary phloem 
B)  Primary xylem 
C)  Primary phloem 
D)  Secondary xylem 
E)  Vascular cambium

Question 11

How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atmospheric pressure forces CO2 through pits on the leaf surface. 
B)  Dissolved CO2 is transported from roots to leaves in the xylem. 
C)  CO2 diffuses through the epidermis into the mesophyll. 
D)  CO2 is moved by active transport into the leaf by special cells called guard cells. 
E)  CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface. 
A)  Atmospheric pressure forces CO2 through pits on the leaf surface. 
B)  Dissolved CO2 is transported from roots to leaves in the xylem. 
C)  CO2 diffuses through the epidermis into the mesophyll. 
D)  CO2 is moved by active transport into the leaf by special cells called guard cells. 
E)  CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface.

Question 12

In vascular plants, sugar solutions and hormones are transported through tubes constructed of cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  sieve- tube elements. 
B)  vessels elements. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  companion cells. 
E)  plasmodesmata. 
A)  sieve- tube elements. 
B)  vessels elements. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  companion cells. 
E)  plasmodesmata.

Question 13

What would happen if Casparian strips were not present and water and minerals could pass between endodermal cells of the plant root rather than through endodermal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too much energy would be needed to move the minerals between endodermal cells. 
B)  The minerals would enter the conduction vessels of the vascular cylinder much more rapidly. 
C)  An increased concentration gradient of the minerals in the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder would be better maintained. 
D)  Minerals would leak back out of the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder as fast as they were pumped into it. 
E)  Root hairs would lose their ability to take up minerals. 
A)  Too much energy would be needed to move the minerals between endodermal cells. 
B)  The minerals would enter the conduction vessels of the vascular cylinder much more rapidly. 
C)  An increased concentration gradient of the minerals in the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder would be better maintained. 
D)  Minerals would leak back out of the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder as fast as they were pumped into it. 
E)  Root hairs would lose their ability to take up minerals.

Question 14

You discover several woody bushes growing in your yard. Is it safe to assume that they are perennials? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Yes; woody secondary

Question 15

Bacteria- containing nodules in the roots of legume plants aid in the utilization of

Accepted Answer

A)  trace elements. 
B)  water. 
C)  phosphates. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  nitrogen. 
A)  trace elements. 
B)  water. 
C)  phosphates. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  nitrogen.

Question 16

In a dicot stem, the _ is between the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.

Accepted Answer

A)  pith 
B)  xylem 
C)  cork 
D)  apical meristem 
E)  phloem 
A)  pith 
B)  xylem 
C)  cork 
D)  apical meristem 
E)  phloem

Question 17

Periderm consists of mostly

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral meristem. 
B)  undifferentiated cells. 
C)  cork cells. 
D)  endodermis. 
E)  epidermis. 
A)  lateral meristem. 
B)  undifferentiated cells. 
C)  cork cells. 
D)  endodermis. 
E)  epidermis.

Question 18

Plants need to minimize water loss while maximizing carbon dioxide intake. With respect to plant leaf structure, how are these conflicting needs met?

Accepted Answer

The cuticle acts as a waterproof barrier

Question 19

Which of these tissues is between the epidermis and a vascular bundle in a young dicot stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cortex 
B)  Pith 
C)  Cork 
D)  Phloem 
E)  Xylem 
A)  Cortex 
B)  Pith 
C)  Cork 
D)  Phloem 
E)  Xylem

Question 20

Guard cells control the opening and closing of plant stomata by creating osmotic gradients across their membranes, which are adjusted by regulating the concentration of in their cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Guard cells control the opening and closing...

Exam 44: Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Compare the functions of roots with those of shoots. How are they similar and how are they different?

If a beaver eats the bark all the way around a tree trunk (a process called "girdling"), why does the tree die?

What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots?

On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the , which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil.

What cell type permits the continued growth of a plant throughout its life?

What would you expect to be missing in a plant that exhibits primary growth but not secondary growth?

Phloem sieve- tube elements are able to remain alive because adjacent cells provide nourishment in the form of proteins and high- energy compounds such as ATP.

All the following are true of companion cells EXCEPT that they

The location of the pericycle is best described as

Which of the following makes up most of an old tree trunk?

How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf?

In vascular plants, sugar solutions and hormones are transported through tubes constructed of cells called

What would happen if Casparian strips were not present and water and minerals could pass between endodermal cells of the plant root rather than through endodermal cells?

You discover several woody bushes growing in your yard. Is it safe to assume that they are perennials? Why or why not?

Bacteria- containing nodules in the roots of legume plants aid in the utilization of

In a dicot stem, the _ is between the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.

Periderm consists of mostly

Plants need to minimize water loss while maximizing carbon dioxide intake. With respect to plant leaf structure, how are these conflicting needs met?

Which of these tissues is between the epidermis and a vascular bundle in a young dicot stem?

Guard cells control the opening and closing of plant stomata by creating osmotic gradients across their membranes, which are adjusted by regulating the concentration of in their cytoplasm.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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