Question 1

Competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors differ with respect to

Accepted Answer

A)  the precise location on the enzyme to which they bind. 
B)  the temperature at which they work best. 
C)  their pH. 
D)  their energies of activation. 
A)  the precise location on the enzyme to which they bind. 
B)  the temperature at which they work best. 
C)  their pH. 
D)  their energies of activation.

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts. 
B)  Enzymes are highly specific for the molecules to which they attach. 
C)  The activity of enzymes can be regulated by factors in their environment. 
D)  Enzymes provide energy for the reactions they catalyze. 
E)  An enzyme may be used many times for the same specific reaction. 
A)  Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts. 
B)  Enzymes are highly specific for the molecules to which they attach. 
C)  The activity of enzymes can be regulated by factors in their environment. 
D)  Enzymes provide energy for the reactions they catalyze. 
E)  An enzyme may be used many times for the same specific reaction.

Question 3

Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. 
B)  Potential energy equals kinetic energy in a reaction. 
C)  Energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
D)  Kinetic energy is stored energy. 
E)  Exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions. 
A)  Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. 
B)  Potential energy equals kinetic energy in a reaction. 
C)  Energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
D)  Kinetic energy is stored energy. 
E)  Exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions.

Question 4

Briefly describe how ATP acts as an energy carrier in cells.

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its chemi

Question 5

In exergonic chemical reactions,

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is stored by the reactions. 
B)  the reactants have less energy than do the products. 
C)  the reactants and products have equal amounts of energy. 
D)  the reactants have more energy than do the products. 
A)  energy is stored by the reactions. 
B)  the reactants have less energy than do the products. 
C)  the reactants and products have equal amounts of energy. 
D)  the reactants have more energy than do the products.

Question 6

The molecule is the major energy carrier in cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The molecule is the major energy carrier...

Question 7

Which molecule stores energy for just a short period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein 
B)  Phospholipids 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Steroids 
E)  ATP 
A)  Protein 
B)  Phospholipids 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Steroids 
E)  ATP

Question 8

Why is photosynthesis a coupled reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosynthesis requires two reactants: carbon dioxide and water. 
B)  Sunlight energy enters a plant and is ultimately lost as heat. 
C)  The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the sunlight. 
D)  The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the soil. 
E)  An exergonic reaction occurs in the sunlight, and an endergonic reaction occurs in the plant. 
A)  Photosynthesis requires two reactants: carbon dioxide and water. 
B)  Sunlight energy enters a plant and is ultimately lost as heat. 
C)  The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the sunlight. 
D)  The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the soil. 
E)  An exergonic reaction occurs in the sunlight, and an endergonic reaction occurs in the plant.

Question 9

Describe the molecular difference between ATP and ADP.

Accepted Answer

Both ATP and ADP contain an ad

Question 10

In chemical reactions, reactions release energy and reactions require an input of energy.

Accepted Answer

exergonic;

Question 11

Briefly explain the two laws of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

The law of the conservation of energy st

Question 12

Compare endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions using an analogy from everyday life.

Accepted Answer

There are many possible examples: Rollin

Question 13

How is it possible for living organisms to comply with the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sunlight functions as an ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth. 
B)  Chemical reactions inside cells mostly cause an increase in high- level energy. 
C)  Organisms are able to function efficiently on heat energy alone. 
D)  Living organisms are unique in that they do not require energy for survival. 
E)  Living organisms are totally isolated systems that are not subject to the laws of physics. 
A)  Sunlight functions as an ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth. 
B)  Chemical reactions inside cells mostly cause an increase in high- level energy. 
C)  Organisms are able to function efficiently on heat energy alone. 
D)  Living organisms are unique in that they do not require energy for survival. 
E)  Living organisms are totally isolated systems that are not subject to the laws of physics.

Question 14

Activation energy is necessary for all reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic 
B)  coupled 
C)  chemical 
D)  exergonic 
A)  endergonic 
B)  coupled 
C)  chemical 
D)  exergonic

Question 15

FADH2 is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  enzyme- substrate complex. 
C)  active site. 
D)  enzyme. 
E)  electron carrier molecule. 
A)  protein. 
B)  enzyme- substrate complex. 
C)  active site. 
D)  enzyme. 
E)  electron carrier molecule.

Question 16

Preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods to interfere with bacterial growth. This creates an acidic pH in the food. Why does this affect the bacteria that are present?

Accepted Answer

A)  An acidic environment causes bacterial enzymes to fail or work less efficiently. 
B)  An acidic environment increases the activation energy more quickly in bacteria. 
C)  An acidic environment encourages endergonic reactions in the bacterial cells. 
D)  An acidic environment causes the bacteria to grow more rapidly. 
A)  An acidic environment causes bacterial enzymes to fail or work less efficiently. 
B)  An acidic environment increases the activation energy more quickly in bacteria. 
C)  An acidic environment encourages endergonic reactions in the bacterial cells. 
D)  An acidic environment causes the bacteria to grow more rapidly.

Question 17

Triclosan is a broad- spectrum antibacterial agent used in many household products. It is structurally similar to polychlorobiphenylol, a substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme sulfotransferase. Based on these facts, you can conclude that triclosan most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor. 
B)  functions as an enzyme when sulfotransferase is absent. 
C)  is a competitive inhibitor. 
D)  lowers the activation energy of chemical reactions. 
A)  acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor. 
B)  functions as an enzyme when sulfotransferase is absent. 
C)  is a competitive inhibitor. 
D)  lowers the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy- carrier molecule 
B)  Substrate 
C)  Enzyme 
D)  Amino acid 
E)  Steroid 
A)  Energy- carrier molecule 
B)  Substrate 
C)  Enzyme 
D)  Amino acid 
E)  Steroid

Question 19

A "high- energy" bond in an ATP molecule is located between

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and the first phosphate group. 
B)  ribose and the first phosphate group. 
C)  two phosphate groups. 
D)  adenine and ribose. 
A)  adenine and the first phosphate group. 
B)  ribose and the first phosphate group. 
C)  two phosphate groups. 
D)  adenine and ribose.

Question 20

In the liver, the polysaccharide glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers. The glucose molecules are then released into the blood when blood sugar levels need to be raised. This process is an example of a(n) reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  kinetic 
B)  potential 
C)  exergonic 
D)  endergonic 
A)  kinetic 
B)  potential 
C)  exergonic 
D)  endergonic

Exam 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors differ with respect to

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is FALSE?

Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?

Briefly describe how ATP acts as an energy carrier in cells.

In exergonic chemical reactions,

The molecule is the major energy carrier in cells.

Which molecule stores energy for just a short period of time?

Why is photosynthesis a coupled reaction?

Describe the molecular difference between ATP and ADP.

In chemical reactions, reactions release energy and reactions require an input of energy.

Briefly explain the two laws of thermodynamics.

Compare endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions using an analogy from everyday life.

How is it possible for living organisms to comply with the second law of thermodynamics?

Activation energy is necessary for all reactions.

FADH2 is an example of a(n)

Preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods to interfere with bacterial growth. This creates an acidic pH in the food. Why does this affect the bacteria that are present?

Triclosan is a broad- spectrum antibacterial agent used in many household products. It is structurally similar to polychlorobiphenylol, a substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme sulfotransferase. Based on these facts, you can conclude that triclosan most likely

Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst?

A "high- energy" bond in an ATP molecule is located between

In the liver, the polysaccharide glycogen is broken down into glucose monomers. The glucose molecules are then released into the blood when blood sugar levels need to be raised. This process is an example of a(n) reaction.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

FADH₂ is an example of a(n)