Question 1

How does drinking a lot of water affect ADH production and urine output?

Accepted Answer

Increased water consumption ca

Question 2

Nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and uric acid, are primarily formed because of the digestion of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  salts. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  salts.

Question 3

Most reabsorption takes place in what part of the tubule system in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Glomerular capsule 
E)  Proximal tubule 
A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Glomerular capsule 
E)  Proximal tubule

Question 4

Kidney failure or end-stage renal disease is most commonly associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  a high-fat diet and low blood pressure. 
B)  a low-carbohydrate diet. 
C)  low blood pressure. 
D)  diabetes and high blood pressure. 
E)  a low-protein diet. 
A)  a high-fat diet and low blood pressure. 
B)  a low-carbohydrate diet. 
C)  low blood pressure. 
D)  diabetes and high blood pressure. 
E)  a low-protein diet.

Question 5

During reabsorption, organic nutrients and ions are moved by diffusion or active transport from the renal tubule into the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  peritubular capillaries. 
C)  outgoing arteriole. 
D)  glomerular capsule. 
E)  incoming arteriole. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  peritubular capillaries. 
C)  outgoing arteriole. 
D)  glomerular capsule. 
E)  incoming arteriole.

Question 6

Because there is a high concentration of salt in the interstitial fluid around the nephron loop, what happens to the filtrate as it flows through the descending limb?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of t

Question 7

Explain why the process in the kidneys is called ʺfiltration.ʺ (What is acting as a ʺfilterʺ?))

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure forces fluids f

Question 8

An average hemodialysis session usually lasts 4 hours and occurs about

Accepted Answer

A)  three times a week. 
B)  7 days a week. 
C)  once a week. 
D)  once a month. 
E)  three times a month. 
A)  three times a week. 
B)  7 days a week. 
C)  once a week. 
D)  once a month. 
E)  three times a month.

Question 9

Which of the following is (are) produced by the kidney and is (are) important in the regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone only 
B)  Aldosterone and ADH 
C)  Renin and angiotensin 
D)  Erythropoietin 
E)  ADH only 
A)  Aldosterone only 
B)  Aldosterone and ADH 
C)  Renin and angiotensin 
D)  Erythropoietin 
E)  ADH only

Question 10

Based on your knowledge of the differences between the male and female urinary systems, why are females at greater risk of bladder infections?

Accepted Answer

The urethra is about five times longer i

Question 11

How much urine does the average adult human excrete per day?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 milliliters (1 pint) 
B)  1,500 milliliters (1.5 quarts) 
C)  250 milliliters (1 cup) 
D)  1,000 milliliters (1 quart) 
E)  125 milliliters (1/2 cup) 
A)  500 milliliters (1 pint) 
B)  1,500 milliliters (1.5 quarts) 
C)  250 milliliters (1 cup) 
D)  1,000 milliliters (1 quart) 
E)  125 milliliters (1/2 cup)

Question 12

The composition of urine varies to help maintain homeostasis within the body. With this in mind, which of the following would you NOT expect to find in the urine of a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen ions 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Potassium ions 
D)  Ammonia 
E)  Drug metabolites 
A)  Hydrogen ions 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Potassium ions 
D)  Ammonia 
E)  Drug metabolites

Question 13

Filtration of the blood occurs when fluid is forced by blood pressure out of the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  glomerular capsule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  nephron loop. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  glomerular capsule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  nephron loop. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 14

Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate taken from the proximal tubule is NOT ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?

Accepted Answer

A)  As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed. 
B)  Some of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule. 
C)  Many of the toxins and drugs are not added to urine until it enters the bladder. 
D)  Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to enter the kidney tubule system. 
A)  As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed. 
B)  Some of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule. 
C)  Many of the toxins and drugs are not added to urine until it enters the bladder. 
D)  Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to enter the kidney tubule system.

Question 15

Urea is more toxic to the human body than is ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

ADH exerts its effect on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descending portion of the nephron loop 
B)  Collecting duct and proximal tubule 
C)  Proximal and distal tubules 
D)  Collecting duct and distal tubule 
E)  Proximal tubule and nephron loop 
A)  Descending portion of the nephron loop 
B)  Collecting duct and proximal tubule 
C)  Proximal and distal tubules 
D)  Collecting duct and distal tubule 
E)  Proximal tubule and nephron loop

Question 17

According to the illustration, blood entering which structure will undergo no further modification by the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Venule 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Glomerular capsule 
A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Venule 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Glomerular capsule

Question 18

Which of the following describes the role of urinary systems in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urinary systems ensure the delivery of the proper amount of nitrogen to the cells. 
B)  Urinary systems are important for the generation of urea, which cells can use as an energy source when carbohydrates become scarce. 
C)  Urinary systems filter out diseased and damaged cells that can be excreted from the body. 
D)  Urinary systems regulate water balance, pH, and the concentrations of ions in body fluids for cells. 
A)  Urinary systems ensure the delivery of the proper amount of nitrogen to the cells. 
B)  Urinary systems are important for the generation of urea, which cells can use as an energy source when carbohydrates become scarce. 
C)  Urinary systems filter out diseased and damaged cells that can be excreted from the body. 
D)  Urinary systems regulate water balance, pH, and the concentrations of ions in body fluids for cells.

Question 19

What are the two main functions of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Excretion of cellular wastes a

Question 20

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products is the least toxic, but requires the most energy to produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urea 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Urine 
D)  Uric acid 
A)  Urea 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Urine 
D)  Uric acid

Exam 36: The Urinary System

How does drinking a lot of water affect ADH production and urine output?

Nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and uric acid, are primarily formed because of the digestion of

Most reabsorption takes place in what part of the tubule system in the kidney?

Kidney failure or end-stage renal disease is most commonly associated with

During reabsorption, organic nutrients and ions are moved by diffusion or active transport from the renal tubule into the

Because there is a high concentration of salt in the interstitial fluid around the nephron loop, what happens to the filtrate as it flows through the descending limb?

Explain why the process in the kidneys is called ʺfiltration.ʺ (What is acting as a ʺfilterʺ?))

An average hemodialysis session usually lasts 4 hours and occurs about

Which of the following is (are) produced by the kidney and is (are) important in the regulation of blood pressure?

Based on your knowledge of the differences between the male and female urinary systems, why are females at greater risk of bladder infections?

How much urine does the average adult human excrete per day?

The composition of urine varies to help maintain homeostasis within the body. With this in mind, which of the following would you NOT expect to find in the urine of a healthy individual?

Filtration of the blood occurs when fluid is forced by blood pressure out of the

Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate taken from the proximal tubule is NOT ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?

Urea is more toxic to the human body than is ammonia.

ADH exerts its effect on which of the following?

According to the illustration, blood entering which structure will undergo no further modification by the nephron?

Which of the following describes the role of urinary systems in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

What are the two main functions of the urinary system?

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products is the least toxic, but requires the most energy to produce?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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