Question 1

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The human kidneys are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the abdominal cavity just above the rectum. 
B)  on either side of the esophagus. 
C)  in the chest cavity. 
D)  at about the level of the waist. 
E)  in front of the large intestine. 
A)  in the abdominal cavity just above the rectum. 
B)  on either side of the esophagus. 
C)  in the chest cavity. 
D)  at about the level of the waist. 
E)  in front of the large intestine.

Question 3

The descending limb of the nephron loop

Accepted Answer

A)  responds to high levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood. 
B)  pulls water from the renal medulla to make the filtrate more dilute. 
C)  is permeable to salt and urea. 
D)  is not permeable to water. 
E)  loses water to the medulla as the filtrate becomes more concentrated. 
A)  responds to high levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood. 
B)  pulls water from the renal medulla to make the filtrate more dilute. 
C)  is permeable to salt and urea. 
D)  is not permeable to water. 
E)  loses water to the medulla as the filtrate becomes more concentrated.

Question 4

ADH is released into the blood by the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney. 
B)  liver. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  small intestine. 
A)  kidney. 
B)  liver. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  small intestine.

Question 5

What are the four distinct anatomical components of the mammalian urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Kidney, ur

Question 6

Erythropoietin is released in response to low levels of__________ in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erythropoietin is released in response to low...

Question 7

The funnel-shaped opening of a nephridium is known as a__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The funnel-shaped opening of a nephridium is...

Question 8

Hormones regulate reabsorption in which region of the kidney tubule system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Proximal tubule 
E)  Glomerular capsule 
A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Proximal tubule 
E)  Glomerular capsule

Question 9

Officials associated with international track and field competitions have noted an increase in the number of athletes who use a synthetic form of erythropoietin. Athletes use this drug because it

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates the release of ADH, which then goes on to cause an increase in the number of red blood cells and helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
B)  decreases blood pressure so that they can be more focused and relaxed during a competition. 
C)  increases urine output so that they can shed weight just prior to an important competition. 
D)  increases the number of oxygen-transporting red blood cells, which helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
A)  stimulates the release of ADH, which then goes on to cause an increase in the number of red blood cells and helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
B)  decreases blood pressure so that they can be more focused and relaxed during a competition. 
C)  increases urine output so that they can shed weight just prior to an important competition. 
D)  increases the number of oxygen-transporting red blood cells, which helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event.

Question 10

In what region of the nephron does most secretion take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Proximal tubule 
A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Proximal tubule

Question 11

Flatworms have simple kidneys consisting of tubular structures called nephridia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Where does the highest rate of reabsorption occur?

Accepted Answer

In the pro

Question 13

Birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  urea. 
D)  ammonia. 
E)  amine groups. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  urea. 
D)  ammonia. 
E)  amine groups.

Question 14

An animal whose kidneys have a high percentage of long -looped nephrons probably lives in a__________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  rain-forest 
B)  freshwater 
C)  desert 
D)  seasonally wet 
E)  saltwater 
A)  rain-forest 
B)  freshwater 
C)  desert 
D)  seasonally wet 
E)  saltwater

Question 15

What are the two main functions of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
B)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal cortex and reabsorbs some salt and water 
C)  Creates a low salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
D)  Creates a high glucose concentration in the renal cortex and releases extra salt into the filtrate 
E)  Filters cellular wastes from blood in the capillaries and reabsorbs some salt and water 
A)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
B)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal cortex and reabsorbs some salt and water 
C)  Creates a low salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
D)  Creates a high glucose concentration in the renal cortex and releases extra salt into the filtrate 
E)  Filters cellular wastes from blood in the capillaries and reabsorbs some salt and water

Question 16

Based on this figure, what pathway is used during urinary catheterization, in which a tube is inserted into a patient to drain urine from the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  From the left ureter into the urinary bladder 
B)  From the vena cava into the urinary bladder 
C)  From the left renal artery into the urinary bladder 
D)  From the urethra into the urinary bladder 
A)  From the left ureter into the urinary bladder 
B)  From the vena cava into the urinary bladder 
C)  From the left renal artery into the urinary bladder 
D)  From the urethra into the urinary bladder

Question 17

You analyze a blood sample taken from a man who survived for 2 days in the desert with no water to drink. Based on your knowledge of kidney physiology, you are not surprised to find that his blood level of ADH is

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than normal. 
B)  normal. 
C)  lower than normal. 
D)  zero. 
A)  higher than normal. 
B)  normal. 
C)  lower than normal. 
D)  zero.

Question 18

Which type of fish stores urea in its tissues to keep its body the same osmolarity as the water in which it lives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shrimp 
B)  Goldfish 
C)  Shark 
D)  Tuna 
E)  Trout 
A)  Shrimp 
B)  Goldfish 
C)  Shark 
D)  Tuna 
E)  Trout

Question 19

Insect urinary systems consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  Malpighian tubules. 
B)  flame cells. 
C)  protonephridia. 
D)  nephridia. 
E)  nephrostomes. 
A)  Malpighian tubules. 
B)  flame cells. 
C)  protonephridia. 
D)  nephridia. 
E)  nephrostomes.

Question 20

Name the two main parts of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

Renal corpuscle (con

Exam 36: The Urinary System

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

The human kidneys are located

The descending limb of the nephron loop

ADH is released into the blood by the

What are the four distinct anatomical components of the mammalian urinary system?

Erythropoietin is released in response to low levels of__________ in the blood.

The funnel-shaped opening of a nephridium is known as a__________ .

Hormones regulate reabsorption in which region of the kidney tubule system?

Officials associated with international track and field competitions have noted an increase in the number of athletes who use a synthetic form of erythropoietin. Athletes use this drug because it

In what region of the nephron does most secretion take place?

Flatworms have simple kidneys consisting of tubular structures called nephridia.

Where does the highest rate of reabsorption occur?

Birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes in the form of

An animal whose kidneys have a high percentage of long -looped nephrons probably lives in a__________ environment.

What are the two main functions of the nephron loop?

Based on this figure, what pathway is used during urinary catheterization, in which a tube is inserted into a patient to drain urine from the bladder?

You analyze a blood sample taken from a man who survived for 2 days in the desert with no water to drink. Based on your knowledge of kidney physiology, you are not surprised to find that his blood level of ADH is

Which type of fish stores urea in its tissues to keep its body the same osmolarity as the water in which it lives?

Insect urinary systems consist of

Name the two main parts of the nephron.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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