Question 1

Water flows upward in some xylem tubes and downward in others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of the tissues in a young dicot stem, from the center of the stem outward?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cortex → xylem → vascular cambium → phloem → pith → epidermis 
B)  Cortex → vascular cambium → xylem → phloem → epidermis → pith 
C)  Pith → phloem → cortex → xylem → vascular cambium → epidermis 
D)  Pith → cortex → phloem → xylem → vascular cambium → epidermis 
E)  Pith → xylem → vascular cambium → phloem → cortex → epidermis 
A)  Cortex → xylem → vascular cambium → phloem → pith → epidermis 
B)  Cortex → vascular cambium → xylem → phloem → epidermis → pith 
C)  Pith → phloem → cortex → xylem → vascular cambium → epidermis 
D)  Pith → cortex → phloem → xylem → vascular cambium → epidermis 
E)  Pith → xylem → vascular cambium → phloem → cortex → epidermis E

Question 3

All of the following are part of a plantʹs shoot system EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  leaves. 
B)  flowers. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  stem. 
E)  buds. 
A)  leaves. 
B)  flowers. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  stem. 
E)  buds. C

Question 4

What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microtubules 
B)  Plasmodesmata 
C)  Secondary cell walls 
D)  Microfilaments 
E)  Sieve plates 
A)  Microtubules 
B)  Plasmodesmata 
C)  Secondary cell walls 
D)  Microfilaments 
E)  Sieve plates

Question 5

Most of the interior of a leaf consists of soft, thin -walled, living _________cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  guard 
B)  collenchyma 
C)  sclerenchyma 
D)  epidermal 
E)  parenchyma 
A)  guard 
B)  collenchyma 
C)  sclerenchyma 
D)  epidermal 
E)  parenchyma

Question 6

On a stem, branches grow and develop from___________ , whereas on the roots, branches grow and develop from the___________.

Accepted Answer

lateral bu

Question 7

Where are apical meristems located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scattered throughout the plant 
B)  At the tips of roots, shoots, and branches 
C)  Between the xylem and the phloem 
D)  In cylinders along the side of the root 
E)  In clusters in the parenchyma 
A)  Scattered throughout the plant 
B)  At the tips of roots, shoots, and branches 
C)  Between the xylem and the phloem 
D)  In cylinders along the side of the root 
E)  In clusters in the parenchyma

Question 8

With regard to the cohesion-tension mechanism, ʺcohesionʺ refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  tendency of water molecules to be attracted to minerals in the water. 
B)  evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaf. 
C)  process of osmosis that pulls water into the root. 
D)  attraction of water molecules for one another. 
E)  use of water in photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of water in the leaf. 
A)  tendency of water molecules to be attracted to minerals in the water. 
B)  evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaf. 
C)  process of osmosis that pulls water into the root. 
D)  attraction of water molecules for one another. 
E)  use of water in photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of water in the leaf.

Question 9

Most of a carrot, which is adapted for carbohydrate storage, is

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  pericycle. 
C)  xylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  endodermis. 
A)  cortex. 
B)  pericycle. 
C)  xylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  endodermis.

Question 10

You found the following plants growing on campus during a field trip: a small plant with a notable absence of root hairs; a short, stubby plant with an enlarged taproot; a tall annual herb with fungal strands extending from its roots; a low -growing plant with nodules on the roots; and a woody shrub with an extensive fibrous root system. Based on this scenario, which plant is most likely a legume with nitrogen -fixing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plant with the enlarged taproot 
B)  The woody shrub with the fibrous root system 
C)  The plant with the root nodules 
D)  The annual herb with the fungal-root association 
E)  The plant with no root hairs 
A)  The plant with the enlarged taproot 
B)  The woody shrub with the fibrous root system 
C)  The plant with the root nodules 
D)  The annual herb with the fungal-root association 
E)  The plant with no root hairs

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics helps differentiate between a monocot and a dicot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of flower parts 
B)  Presence or absence of an apical meristem 
C)  Presence or absence of pollen grains 
D)  Seeds covered by a fruit 
E)  Presence of vascular tissue 
A)  Number of flower parts 
B)  Presence or absence of an apical meristem 
C)  Presence or absence of pollen grains 
D)  Seeds covered by a fruit 
E)  Presence of vascular tissue

Question 12

What type of tissue transports sugars (the product of photosynthesis) throughout the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xylem 
B)  Phloem 
C)  Collenchyma 
D)  Endodermis 
E)  Parenchyma 
A)  Xylem 
B)  Phloem 
C)  Collenchyma 
D)  Endodermis 
E)  Parenchyma

Question 13

In the stems of plants, where is sugar converted to starch and stored as a food reserve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central vascular cylinder 
B)  Sclerenchyma 
C)  Parenchyma cells in both the cortex and pith 
D)  Collenchyma associated with xylem cells 
E)  Mesophyll layer 
A)  Central vascular cylinder 
B)  Sclerenchyma 
C)  Parenchyma cells in both the cortex and pith 
D)  Collenchyma associated with xylem cells 
E)  Mesophyll layer

Question 14

You discovered an unidentified weed and cut it almost to the ground with the lawn mower. Soon it grows as tall as it was before you cut it. This growth is likely due to which growth region?

Accepted Answer

A)  Root apical meristem 
B)  Cork cambium 
C)  Shoot apical meristem 
D)  Vascular cambium 
E)  Lateral bud meristem 
A)  Root apical meristem 
B)  Cork cambium 
C)  Shoot apical meristem 
D)  Vascular cambium 
E)  Lateral bud meristem

Question 15

An onion bulb is made up of_________ that are specially adapted for food and water storage.

Accepted Answer

A)  roots 
B)  branches 
C)  flowers 
D)  leaves 
E)  stems 
A)  roots 
B)  branches 
C)  flowers 
D)  leaves 
E)  stems

Question 16

What would happen if Casparian strips were not present and water and minerals could pass between endodermal cells of the plant root rather than through endodermal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The minerals would enter the conduction vessels of the vascular cylinder much more rapidly. 
B)  An increased concentration gradient of the minerals in the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder would be better maintained. 
C)  Minerals would leak back out of the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder as fast as they were pumped into it. 
D)  Root hairs would lose their ability to take up minerals. 
E)  Too much energy would be needed to move the minerals between endodermal cells. 
A)  The minerals would enter the conduction vessels of the vascular cylinder much more rapidly. 
B)  An increased concentration gradient of the minerals in the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder would be better maintained. 
C)  Minerals would leak back out of the extracellular space of the vascular cylinder as fast as they were pumped into it. 
D)  Root hairs would lose their ability to take up minerals. 
E)  Too much energy would be needed to move the minerals between endodermal cells.

Question 17

The most widely accepted explanation for the transport of sugar-containing fluids in phloem is the ___________mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  cohesion-tension 
B)  root pressure 
C)  bulk flow 
D)  pressure-flow 
E)  transpiration 
A)  cohesion-tension 
B)  root pressure 
C)  bulk flow 
D)  pressure-flow 
E)  transpiration

Question 18

Trees are among the largest and oldest living things on Earth. Like all life on Earth, the majority of a treeʹs biomass is carbon based. What is the source of this carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fertilizers 
B)  Crushed rock and water 
C)  Air 
D)  Water 
E)  The organic layer of the soil 
A)  Fertilizers 
B)  Crushed rock and water 
C)  Air 
D)  Water 
E)  The organic layer of the soil

Question 19

Which essential plant nutrient regulates the opening and closing of pores in the leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Copper 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Phosphorus 
D)  Calcium 
E)  Iron 
A)  Copper 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Phosphorus 
D)  Calcium 
E)  Iron

Question 20

On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the_________ , which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  endodermis 
C)  epidermis 
D)  root cap 
E)  pericycle 
A)  cortex 
B)  endodermis 
C)  epidermis 
D)  root cap 
E)  pericycle

Exam 44: Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Water flows upward in some xylem tubes and downward in others.

Which of the following is the correct order of the tissues in a young dicot stem, from the center of the stem outward?

All of the following are part of a plantʹs shoot system EXCEPT

What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots?

Most of the interior of a leaf consists of soft, thin -walled, living _________cells.

On a stem, branches grow and develop from___________ , whereas on the roots, branches grow and develop from the___________.

Where are apical meristems located?

With regard to the cohesion-tension mechanism, ʺcohesionʺ refers to the

Most of a carrot, which is adapted for carbohydrate storage, is

Which of the following characteristics helps differentiate between a monocot and a dicot?

What type of tissue transports sugars (the product of photosynthesis) throughout the plant?

In the stems of plants, where is sugar converted to starch and stored as a food reserve?

You discovered an unidentified weed and cut it almost to the ground with the lawn mower. Soon it grows as tall as it was before you cut it. This growth is likely due to which growth region?

An onion bulb is made up of_________ that are specially adapted for food and water storage.

What would happen if Casparian strips were not present and water and minerals could pass between endodermal cells of the plant root rather than through endodermal cells?

The most widely accepted explanation for the transport of sugar-containing fluids in phloem is the ___________mechanism.

Trees are among the largest and oldest living things on Earth. Like all life on Earth, the majority of a treeʹs biomass is carbon based. What is the source of this carbon?

Which essential plant nutrient regulates the opening and closing of pores in the leaves?

On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the_________ , which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

On a stem, branches grow and develop from_ , whereas on the roots, branches grow and develop from the_.