Question 1

Which of the following is closest to the external surface of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal medulla 
B)  Renal pelvis 
C)  Collecting ducts 
D)  Renal cortex 
E)  Nephron loops 
A)  Renal medulla 
B)  Renal pelvis 
C)  Collecting ducts 
D)  Renal cortex 
E)  Nephron loops D

Question 2

The funnel-like chamber of the kidney that collects urine is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  smooth muscle. 
D)  renal cortex. 
E)  renal medulla. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  smooth muscle. 
D)  renal cortex. 
E)  renal medulla. B

Question 3

Explain the relationship between protein consumption and the nitrogenous waste products found in mammalian urine.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made up of amino acids, which contain an amino group. When more protein is consumed than can be used for making more protein, the amino group has to be removed in the liver from the amino acids. These amino groups are made into ammonia, which is extremely toxic. The liver immediately changes the ammonia into urea, which is less toxic. The kidneys filter the urea from the blood and excrete it in urine.

Question 4

Which of the following increases the reabsorption of water by inserting aquaporins into the membranes of the distal tubule and collecting duct cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Renin 
E)  ADH 
A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Renin 
E)  ADH

Question 5

Why do mammals adapted to dry climates tend to have considerably more long -looped nephrons than those adapted to wet climates?

Accepted Answer

A)  So that a lower concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing less water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
B)  So that their blood pressure does not drop to dangerously low levels during periods of drought 
C)  So that a higher concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing more water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
D)  So that the wastes can be excreted as uric acid instead of urine 
E)  So that the excess urea they produce as a result of dehydration can be properly filtered by the nephrons and excreted 
A)  So that a lower concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing less water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
B)  So that their blood pressure does not drop to dangerously low levels during periods of drought 
C)  So that a higher concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing more water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
D)  So that the wastes can be excreted as uric acid instead of urine 
E)  So that the excess urea they produce as a result of dehydration can be properly filtered by the nephrons and excreted

Question 6

Which of the following has a urinary system that makes use of flame cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mollusk 
B)  Flatworm 
C)  Shark 
D)  Bird 
E)  Earthworm 
A)  Mollusk 
B)  Flatworm 
C)  Shark 
D)  Bird 
E)  Earthworm

Question 7

Alcohol increases urine output by inhibiting the release of ADH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

All of the following are part of the nephron EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal medulla. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  proximal tubule. 
D)  glomerular capsule. 
E)  nephron loop. 
A)  renal medulla. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  proximal tubule. 
D)  glomerular capsule. 
E)  nephron loop.

Question 9

The primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine of all mammals is__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in...

Question 10

Which of these structures most closely resembles a vertebrate nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malpighian tubule 
B)  Nephrostome 
C)  Protonephridium 
D)  Flame cell 
E)  Nephridium 
A)  Malpighian tubule 
B)  Nephrostome 
C)  Protonephridium 
D)  Flame cell 
E)  Nephridium

Question 11

The composition of glomerular filtrate is almost identical to that of urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Refer to the following diagram. Which of the following could result from localized brain damage to the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extremely concentrated urine production 
B)  Water retention and bloating 
C)  Complete loss of urination 
D)  Increased permeability of the collecting duct 
E)  Forming large amounts of dilute urine 
A)  Extremely concentrated urine production 
B)  Water retention and bloating 
C)  Complete loss of urination 
D)  Increased permeability of the collecting duct 
E)  Forming large amounts of dilute urine

Question 13

Which portion of the nephron receives filtrate from the glomerular capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Proximal tubule 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Distal tubule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Nephron loop 
D)  Proximal tubule 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 14

In a healthy kidney, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ureter 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Proximal tubule 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Nephron loop 
A)  Ureter 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Proximal tubule 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Nephron loop

Question 15

Osmolarity is the

Accepted Answer

A)  pH concentration of a solution. 
B)  ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide. 
C)  concentration of dissolved solutes in solution. 
D)  pressure within a closed system. 
A)  pH concentration of a solution. 
B)  ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide. 
C)  concentration of dissolved solutes in solution. 
D)  pressure within a closed system.

Question 16

It is estimated that more than 90% of Americans get a daily dose of caffeine from coffee, sodas, tea, or ʺenergyʺ drinks. Excessive caffeine intake can result in difficulty sleeping, jitteriness, and anxiety. It can also cause increased urination, which can lead to dehydration. Based on your knowledge of urinary systems and on the information provided in this scenario, which of the following explains the effects of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caffeine decreases the amount of renin in the blood. 
B)  Caffeine increases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
C)  Caffeine decreases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
D)  Caffeine increases the amount of erythropoietin in the blood. 
A)  Caffeine decreases the amount of renin in the blood. 
B)  Caffeine increases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
C)  Caffeine decreases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
D)  Caffeine increases the amount of erythropoietin in the blood.

Question 17

Which of these is normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  White blood cells 
C)  Large proteins 
D)  Erythrocytes 
E)  Fat droplets 
A)  Na+ 
B)  White blood cells 
C)  Large proteins 
D)  Erythrocytes 
E)  Fat droplets

Question 18

In a healthy kidney, which of the following would you NOT expect to find in the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large proteins 
B)  Drugs 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Water 
E)  Salt 
A)  Large proteins 
B)  Drugs 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Water 
E)  Salt

Question 19

Briefly explain why animals that live in very dry climates have the longest nephron loops.

Accepted Answer

The longer the nephron loop, t

Question 20

Long nephron loops correlate with

Accepted Answer

A)  urine isotonic to the blood. 
B)  more concentrated urine. 
C)  urine with glucose in it. 
D)  urine hypotonic to the blood. 
E)  more dilute urine. 
A)  urine isotonic to the blood. 
B)  more concentrated urine. 
C)  urine with glucose in it. 
D)  urine hypotonic to the blood. 
E)  more dilute urine.

Exam 36: The Urinary System

Which of the following is closest to the external surface of the kidney?

The funnel-like chamber of the kidney that collects urine is called the

Explain the relationship between protein consumption and the nitrogenous waste products found in mammalian urine.

Which of the following increases the reabsorption of water by inserting aquaporins into the membranes of the distal tubule and collecting duct cells?

Why do mammals adapted to dry climates tend to have considerably more long -looped nephrons than those adapted to wet climates?

Which of the following has a urinary system that makes use of flame cells?

Alcohol increases urine output by inhibiting the release of ADH.

All of the following are part of the nephron EXCEPT the

The primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine of all mammals is__________ .

Which of these structures most closely resembles a vertebrate nephron?

The composition of glomerular filtrate is almost identical to that of urine.

Refer to the following diagram. Which of the following could result from localized brain damage to the pituitary gland?

Which portion of the nephron receives filtrate from the glomerular capsule?

In a healthy kidney, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Osmolarity is the

Which of these is normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

In a healthy kidney, which of the following would you NOT expect to find in the filtrate?

Briefly explain why animals that live in very dry climates have the longest nephron loops.

Long nephron loops correlate with

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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