Question 1

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal pelvis → urethra → bladder → ureter 
B)  Renal pelvis → bladder → ureter → urethra 
C)  Renal pelvis → uterus → bladder → urethra 
D)  Ureter → urethra → bladder → renal pelvis 
E)  Renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra 
A)  Renal pelvis → urethra → bladder → ureter 
B)  Renal pelvis → bladder → ureter → urethra 
C)  Renal pelvis → uterus → bladder → urethra 
D)  Ureter → urethra → bladder → renal pelvis 
E)  Renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra

Question 2

The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic organisms is__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic...

Question 3

A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion. 
B)  osmoregulation. 
C)  a decrease in angiotensin. 
D)  a decrease in antidiuretic hormone. 
E)  reabsorption. 
A)  secretion. 
B)  osmoregulation. 
C)  a decrease in angiotensin. 
D)  a decrease in antidiuretic hormone. 
E)  reabsorption.

Question 4

Which of these hormones enables us to excrete concentrated urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal diluting hormone 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Diuretic hormone 
D)  ADH 
E)  Homeostatic hormone 
A)  Renal diluting hormone 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Diuretic hormone 
D)  ADH 
E)  Homeostatic hormone

Question 5

People whose kidneys have failed can eat and drink whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How would the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood pH caused by a high protein diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased HCO3- secretion and H+ reabsorption 
B)  Increased production of renin and ADH 
C)  Increased H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 
D)  Increased secretion of both H+ and HCO3- 
E)  Increased reabsorption of both H+ and HCO3- 
A)  Increased HCO3- secretion and H+ reabsorption 
B)  Increased production of renin and ADH 
C)  Increased H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 
D)  Increased secretion of both H+ and HCO3- 
E)  Increased reabsorption of both H+ and HCO3-

Question 7

What effect will increased blood levels of ADH have on blood volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will have no effect on blood volume because ADH affects only urine output. 
B)  It will increase blood volume. 
C)  Only the plasma (fluid) part of the blood will decrease. 
D)  It will decrease blood volume. 
A)  It will have no effect on blood volume because ADH affects only urine output. 
B)  It will increase blood volume. 
C)  Only the plasma (fluid) part of the blood will decrease. 
D)  It will decrease blood volume.

Question 8

A friend receives the results of a urine test and finds that dissolved nutrients, such as amino acids and glucose, are present in his urine. You deduce that part of his kidney is not functioning properly. Which part is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron loops 
B)  Proximal tubules 
C)  Renal medulla 
D)  Collecting ducts 
E)  Renal pelvis 
A)  Nephron loops 
B)  Proximal tubules 
C)  Renal medulla 
D)  Collecting ducts 
E)  Renal pelvis

Question 9

Which structure collects the water and small dissolved molecules forced out of the bloodstream during the process of filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron loop 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Glomerular capsule 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Glomerulus 
A)  Nephron loop 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Glomerular capsule 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Glomerulus

Question 10

What percentage of the water that enters a nephron is reabsorbed into the blood in the absence of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  80% 
C)  25% 
D)  99% 
A)  50% 
B)  80% 
C)  25% 
D)  99%

Question 11

Animals vary the composition of their urine depending on their environment and their need to conserve water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products of the breakdown of that accumulate__________ because of protein digestion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products...

Question 13

Which type of animal would you dissect to locate a nephridium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insect 
B)  Reptile 
C)  Flatworm 
D)  Bird 
E)  Earthworm 
A)  Insect 
B)  Reptile 
C)  Flatworm 
D)  Bird 
E)  Earthworm

Question 14

Which of these structures converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spleen 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Muscles 
E)  Liver 
A)  Spleen 
B)  Kidney 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Muscles 
E)  Liver

Question 15

What is the thin, muscular tube through which urine leaves each mammalian kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron 
B)  Ureter 
C)  Urethra 
D)  Bladder 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Nephron 
B)  Ureter 
C)  Urethra 
D)  Bladder 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 16

Which type of fish is more likely to live in an environment that has a lower osmolarity than that of its body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saltwater fish 
B)  Brackish water fish (salt- and freshwater combined) 
C)  Freshwater fish 
A)  Saltwater fish 
B)  Brackish water fish (salt- and freshwater combined) 
C)  Freshwater fish

Question 17

What is the force that drives glomerular filtration (movement of fluid from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Smooth muscle contraction 
C)  pH gradients 
D)  Osmosis 
E)  Salt gradients 
A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Smooth muscle contraction 
C)  pH gradients 
D)  Osmosis 
E)  Salt gradients

Question 18

Glomerular filtrate contains many components that need to be reabsorbed (returned to the blood). Which of the following is (are) reabsorbed by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Urea 
C)  Amino acids 
D)  Red blood cells 
E)  Glucose 
A)  Water 
B)  Urea 
C)  Amino acids 
D)  Red blood cells 
E)  Glucose

Question 19

The__________ is the region of the kidney involved in producing concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The__________ is the region of the kidney...

Question 20

Your entire blood volume is filtered by your kidneys approximately 60 times per day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 36: The Urinary System

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?

The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic organisms is__________ .

A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of

Which of these hormones enables us to excrete concentrated urine?

People whose kidneys have failed can eat and drink whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled.

How would the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood pH caused by a high protein diet?

What effect will increased blood levels of ADH have on blood volume?

A friend receives the results of a urine test and finds that dissolved nutrients, such as amino acids and glucose, are present in his urine. You deduce that part of his kidney is not functioning properly. Which part is most likely malfunctioning?

Which structure collects the water and small dissolved molecules forced out of the bloodstream during the process of filtration?

What percentage of the water that enters a nephron is reabsorbed into the blood in the absence of ADH?

Animals vary the composition of their urine depending on their environment and their need to conserve water.

Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products of the breakdown of that accumulate__________ because of protein digestion.

Which type of animal would you dissect to locate a nephridium?

Which of these structures converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

What is the thin, muscular tube through which urine leaves each mammalian kidney?

Which type of fish is more likely to live in an environment that has a lower osmolarity than that of its body fluids?

What is the force that drives glomerular filtration (movement of fluid from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule)?

Glomerular filtrate contains many components that need to be reabsorbed (returned to the blood). Which of the following is (are) reabsorbed by osmosis?

The__________ is the region of the kidney involved in producing concentrated urine.

Your entire blood volume is filtered by your kidneys approximately 60 times per day.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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