A) is the distance at which a planet's tidal forces become equal to the self-gravity of an object. B) is the limit on the amount of mass an object can have in orbit. C) is the smallest orbit possible around a planet. D) only applies to the giant planets. E) only applies to stars. A) is the distance at which a planet's tidal forces become equal to the self-gravity of an object. B) is the limit on the amount of mass an object can have in orbit. C) is the smallest orbit possible around a planet. D) only applies to the giant planets. E) only applies to stars.

Exam 4: Gravity and Orbits

Saturn has 95 times the mass of Earth, and its atmosphere extends outward 9.5 times Earth's radius.How does the acceleration due to gravity at the edge of Saturn's atmosphere compare to that on Earth?

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Question 1

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g=GM/R²; thus g_S/g_E =(GM_S/R_S²)/(GM_E/R_E²)=(M_S/M_E)*(R_E/R_S)² =95 * (1/9.5)² =1.05.

How does the force of gravity between the Sun and Mercury compare to the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth? Note that the semimajor axis of Mercury's orbit is 0.4 AU, and Mercury's mass is 0.06 times the mass of Earth.

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For a planet,the force of gravity between it and the Sun is F = GM_SunM/d²; thus F_M/F_E=(GM_SunM_M/d_M²)/ (GM_SunM_E/d_E²)=(M_M/M_E)* (d_E/d_M)² = 0.06 * (1/0.4)² =0.06/0.4² =0.38.Therefore the force of gravity between the Sun and Mercury is only 38 percent that between the Sun and Earth.

According to the progression shown in the figure below, if the distance between two objects is increased to four times its original value, the gravitational force between the two objects would be ________ times its original value.

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Question 3

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The Moon keeps the same hemisphere facing Earth because the is equal to the .

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Question 4

Explain what the terms circular velocity and escape velocity mean.Give the formula for each and explain what each mathematical symbol represents.

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Question 5

According to the figure below, neap tides occur at which phases of the Moon?

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Question 6

A quantity that follows an inverse square law

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Question 7

If you weighed 100 lb on Earth, what would you weigh at the upper atmosphere of Jupiter? For reference, Jupiter has a mass that is about 300 times Earth's mass and a radius that is 10 times Earth's radius.

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Question 8

The Moon always keeps the same face toward Earth because

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Question 9

If you measured the orbital period of the Moon and the distance between Earth and the Moon, then you could calculate

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Question 10

Which is larger, the tidal force on Earth due to the Moon or the tidal force on Earth due to the Sun, and by approximately how much? Explain conceptually why this is possible given that the gravitational force of the Sun on Earth is 200 times larger than the gravitational force of the Moon on Earth.

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Question 11

Show that the gravitational pull on Earth from the Sun is about 200 times the gravitational pull on Earth from the Moon.For reference, Moon's mass is 7.3 10 ²² kg, the Sun's mass is 2 10³⁰ kg, the Earth-Moon distance is 3.8 * 10⁵ km, and the Earth-Sun distance is 1.5 *10⁸ km.

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Question 12

Why is there a tidal bulge on the far (opposite) side of Earth from the Moon?

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Question 13

The Roche limit

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Question 14

What is the velocity one would need to give a satellite in order for it to escape from the Solar System (meaning escape the Sun's gravity) if it was launched from Earth at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun? Ignore the effect of gravity from Earth, and give your answer in units of m/s.

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Question 15

According to the figure below, a high tide at a given location will occur about ________ time(s) a day.

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Question 16

Because of the tidal force between Earth and the Moon,

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Question 17

In the figure below, the person on the Moon is standing at the same location on the Moon as the Moon rotates around its own axis.Based on this, we see that the Moon's rotational period about its own axis is equal to

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Question 18

An astronaut who weighs 700 N on Earth is in empty space, very far from any other objects.Approximately what is the mass of the astronaut?

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Question 19

If a robotic probe sent to Mars is designed to return a rock sample to Earth, how fast must the probe be launched from the surface of Mars in order to escape the gravity of Mars? For reference, Mars has a mass of 6 *10²³ kg and a radius of 3,400 km.

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Question 20

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Exam 4: Gravity and Orbits

Saturn has 95 times the mass of Earth, and its atmosphere extends outward 9.5 times Earth's radius.How does the acceleration due to gravity at the edge of Saturn's atmosphere compare to that on Earth?

How does the force of gravity between the Sun and Mercury compare to the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth? Note that the semimajor axis of Mercury's orbit is 0.4 AU, and Mercury's mass is 0.06 times the mass of Earth.

According to the progression shown in the figure below, if the distance between two objects is increased to four times its original value, the gravitational force between the two objects would be ________ times its original value.

The Moon keeps the same hemisphere facing Earth because the ________ is equal to the ________.

Explain what the terms circular velocity and escape velocity mean.Give the formula for each and explain what each mathematical symbol represents.

According to the figure below, neap tides occur at which phases of the Moon?

A quantity that follows an inverse square law

If you weighed 100 lb on Earth, what would you weigh at the upper atmosphere of Jupiter? For reference, Jupiter has a mass that is about 300 times Earth's mass and a radius that is 10 times Earth's radius.

The Moon always keeps the same face toward Earth because

If you measured the orbital period of the Moon and the distance between Earth and the Moon, then you could calculate

Show that the gravitational pull on Earth from the Sun is about 200 times the gravitational pull on Earth from the Moon.For reference, Moon's mass is 7.3 *10 22 kg, the Sun's mass is 2 *1030 kg, the Earth-Moon distance is 3.8 * 105 km, and the Earth-Sun distance is 1.5 *108 km.

Why is there a tidal bulge on the far (opposite) side of Earth from the Moon?

The Roche limit

What is the velocity one would need to give a satellite in order for it to escape from the Solar System (meaning escape the Sun's gravity) if it was launched from Earth at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun? Ignore the effect of gravity from Earth, and give your answer in units of m/s.

According to the figure below, a high tide at a given location will occur about ________ time(s) a day.

Because of the tidal force between Earth and the Moon,

In the figure below, the person on the Moon is standing at the same location on the Moon as the Moon rotates around its own axis.Based on this, we see that the Moon's rotational period about its own axis is equal to

An astronaut who weighs 700 N on Earth is in empty space, very far from any other objects.Approximately what is the mass of the astronaut?

If a robotic probe sent to Mars is designed to return a rock sample to Earth, how fast must the probe be launched from the surface of Mars in order to escape the gravity of Mars? For reference, Mars has a mass of 6 *1023 kg and a radius of 3,400 km.

Thinking Like an Astronomer

Patterns in the Skymotions of Earth and the Moon

Motion of Astronomical Bodies

Light

The Tools of the Astronomer

The Formation of Planetary Systems

The Terrestrial Planets and Earths Moon

Atmospheres of the Terrestrial Planets

Worlds of Gas and Liquidthe Giant Planets

Planetary Moons and Rings

Dwarf Planets and Small Solar System Bodies

Taking the Measure of Stars

Our Starthe Sun

The Interstellar Medium and Star Formation

Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

Evolution of High-Mass Stars

Relativity and Black Holes

Galaxies

The Milky Waya Normal Spiral Galaxy

The Expanding Universe

Cosmology

Large-Scale Structure in the Universe

Life

Filters

The Moon keeps the same hemisphere facing Earth because the is equal to the .

Show that the gravitational pull on Earth from the Sun is about 200 times the gravitational pull on Earth from the Moon.For reference, Moon's mass is 7.3 10 ²² kg, the Sun's mass is 2 10³⁰ kg, the Earth-Moon distance is 3.8 * 10⁵ km, and the Earth-Sun distance is 1.5 *10⁸ km.

If a robotic probe sent to Mars is designed to return a rock sample to Earth, how fast must the probe be launched from the surface of Mars in order to escape the gravity of Mars? For reference, Mars has a mass of 6 *10²³ kg and a radius of 3,400 km.