Question 1

​Alcoholic fermentation is used to produce ____.

Accepted Answer

A) beer and wine only​ 
B) ​bread only 
C) ​yogurt only 
D) ​beer, wine, and bread 
E) ​beer, wine, and yogurt 
A) beer and wine only​ 
B) ​bread only 
C) ​yogurt only 
D) ​beer, wine, and bread 
E) ​beer, wine, and yogurt

Question 2

​How many rounds of the citric acid cycle does it take to harvest the energy from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) ​one 
B) ​two 
C) ​three 
D) ​four 
E) ​six 
A) ​one 
B) ​two 
C) ​three 
D) ​four 
E) ​six

Question 3

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once.
-glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 4

What occurs when glucose molecules are broken apart during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) The heat produced is used to drive biological reactions. 
B) Oxygen is released and used as an energy source. 
C) The energy released is used in ATP synthesis. 
D) ATP is converted into ADP. 
E) ADP is released as a waste product. 
A) The heat produced is used to drive biological reactions. 
B) Oxygen is released and used as an energy source. 
C) The energy released is used in ATP synthesis. 
D) ATP is converted into ADP. 
E) ADP is released as a waste product.

Question 5

When fats are broken down as energy sources, the fatty acids are converted to ____ and enter ____.

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate; glycolysis 
B) acetyl-CoA; substrate-level phosphorylation 
C) PGAL; the citric acid cycle 
D) acetyl-CoA; the citric acid cycle 
E) NADH and FADH2; the electron transfer chain 
A) pyruvate; glycolysis 
B) acetyl-CoA; substrate-level phosphorylation 
C) PGAL; the citric acid cycle 
D) acetyl-CoA; the citric acid cycle 
E) NADH and FADH2; the electron transfer chain

Question 6

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once.
-glucose enters this space through a glucose transporter

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 7

Glycolysis converts glucose to ____, with a net yield of ____ ATP and ____ NADH.

Accepted Answer

A) two pyruvate molecules; 2; 2 
B) one pyruvate molecule; 4; 2 
C) glycogen; 2; 4 
D) ATP; 36; 10 
E) acetyl-CoA; 2; 2 
A) two pyruvate molecules; 2; 2 
B) one pyruvate molecule; 4; 2 
C) glycogen; 2; 4 
D) ATP; 36; 10 
E) acetyl-CoA; 2; 2

Question 8

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description.
-?electrons and hydrogen ions are transferred from an intermediate to coenzymes, which then become reduced

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G

Question 9

The flow of electrons through the electron transfer chain generates a(n) ____ gradient that drives ____ by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative; oxidation of coenzymes; redox reactions 
B) hydrogen ion; ATP synthesis; electron transfer phosphorylation 
C) electron; ATP synthesis; electron transfer phosphorylation 
D) hydrogen ion; regeneration of coenzymes; substrate-level phosphorylation 
E) electron; ATP synthesis; redox reactions 
A) oxidative; oxidation of coenzymes; redox reactions 
B) hydrogen ion; ATP synthesis; electron transfer phosphorylation 
C) electron; ATP synthesis; electron transfer phosphorylation 
D) hydrogen ion; regeneration of coenzymes; substrate-level phosphorylation 
E) electron; ATP synthesis; redox reactions

Question 10

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once.
-used by some hibernating turtles that become trapped under ice

Accepted Answer

A) alcoholic fermentation only 
B) lactate fermentation only 
C) both alcoholic and lactate fermentation 
D) neither alcoholic nor lactate fermentation 
A) alcoholic fermentation only 
B) lactate fermentation only 
C) both alcoholic and lactate fermentation 
D) neither alcoholic nor lactate fermentation

Question 11

What prevents the first reactions of glycolysis from running in reverse, thereby building and metabolizing glucose at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A) Free radicals are produced by glycolysis reactions that run in reverse; therefore, cells use antioxidants to inhibit these reactions. 
B) The electron transfer phosphorylation required to generate ATP during glycolysis cannot run in reverse, because the coenzymes they require are only found in the mitochondria. 
C) The glycolysis reactions are unable to run in reverse; instead, excess energy is stored as fat, not carbohydrates. 
D) During times of excess blood glucose, the hormone insulin is required to stimulate the reverse reaction to produce glycogen. 
E) Due to the energy input required for glycolysis to proceed, the reverse reaction would require too much energy to run spontaneously. 
A) Free radicals are produced by glycolysis reactions that run in reverse; therefore, cells use antioxidants to inhibit these reactions. 
B) The electron transfer phosphorylation required to generate ATP during glycolysis cannot run in reverse, because the coenzymes they require are only found in the mitochondria. 
C) The glycolysis reactions are unable to run in reverse; instead, excess energy is stored as fat, not carbohydrates. 
D) During times of excess blood glucose, the hormone insulin is required to stimulate the reverse reaction to produce glycogen. 
E) Due to the energy input required for glycolysis to proceed, the reverse reaction would require too much energy to run spontaneously.

Question 12

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description.
-the product of the final reaction, which is also a substrate in the first reaction

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G

Question 13

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once.
-the destination of hydrogen ions that are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix, driven by electron flow

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 14

The first aerobic organisms could live in the presence of oxygen without harm due to the presence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) chloroplasts 
B) pigments 
C) hexokinase 
D) mitochondria 
E) antioxidants 
A) chloroplasts 
B) pigments 
C) hexokinase 
D) mitochondria 
E) antioxidants

Question 15

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once.
-yogurt production

Accepted Answer

A) alcoholic fermentation only 
B) lactate fermentation only 
C) both alcoholic and lactate fermentation 
D) neither alcoholic nor lactate fermentation 
A) alcoholic fermentation only 
B) lactate fermentation only 
C) both alcoholic and lactate fermentation 
D) neither alcoholic nor lactate fermentation

Question 16

During glycolysis, glucose is first phosphorylated twice, and then split into two three-carbon compounds called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) 
B) pyruvate 
C) acetyl CoA 
D) lactate 
E) acetaldehyde 
A) phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) 
B) pyruvate 
C) acetyl CoA 
D) lactate 
E) acetaldehyde

Question 17

The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+ 
B) CO2 
C) ADP 
D) NADP+ 
E) O2 
A) NAD+ 
B) CO2 
C) ADP 
D) NADP+ 
E) O2

Question 18

When O2 accepts electrons in aerobic respiration, it is converted to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) O3 
B) CO2 
C) OH− 
D) H2O 
E) CO 
A) O3 
B) CO2 
C) OH− 
D) H2O 
E) CO

Question 19

Which pathway generates the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) fermentation 
B) glycolysis 
C) photosynthesis 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) electron transport chain 
A) fermentation 
B) glycolysis 
C) photosynthesis 
D) citric acid cycle 
E) electron transport chain

Question 20

Before photosynthesis evolved, ____ was a very small component of Earth's early atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide 
B) nitrogen 
C) water 
D) oxygen 
E) argon 
A) carbon dioxide 
B) nitrogen 
C) water 
D) oxygen 
E) argon

Exam 7: Releasing Chemical Energy

​Alcoholic fermentation is used to produce ____.

​How many rounds of the citric acid cycle does it take to harvest the energy from one molecule of glucose?

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once. -glycolysis

What occurs when glucose molecules are broken apart during cellular respiration?

When fats are broken down as energy sources, the fatty acids are converted to ____ and enter ____.

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once. -glucose enters this space through a glucose transporter

Glycolysis converts glucose to ____, with a net yield of ____ ATP and ____ NADH.

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description. -?electrons and hydrogen ions are transferred from an intermediate to coenzymes, which then become reduced

The flow of electrons through the electron transfer chain generates a(n) ____ gradient that drives ____ by ____.

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once. -used by some hibernating turtles that become trapped under ice

What prevents the first reactions of glycolysis from running in reverse, thereby building and metabolizing glucose at the same time?

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description. -the product of the final reaction, which is also a substrate in the first reaction

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once. -the destination of hydrogen ions that are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix, driven by electron flow

The first aerobic organisms could live in the presence of oxygen without harm due to the presence of ____.

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once. -yogurt production

During glycolysis, glucose is first phosphorylated twice, and then split into two three-carbon compounds called ____.

The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is ____.

When O2 accepts electrons in aerobic respiration, it is converted to ____.

Which pathway generates the most ATP?

Before photosynthesis evolved, ____ was a very small component of Earth's early atmosphere.

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

Alcoholic fermentation is used to produce ____.

How many rounds of the citric acid cycle does it take to harvest the energy from one molecule of glucose?

When fats are broken down as energy sources, the fatty acids are converted to and enter .

Glycolysis converts glucose to , with a net yield of ATP and NADH.

The flow of electrons through the electron transfer chain generates a(n) gradient that drives by .

When O₂ accepts electrons in aerobic respiration, it is converted to ____.